From owner-diy_efi  Tue Sep  6 18:24:20 1994
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To: DIY_EFI
Cc: jsg
Subject: Re: frequency to voltage conversion. 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 Sep 94 12:00:59 EDT."
             <940906120059.18c1@abacus.gsfc.nasa.gov> 
Date: Tue, 06 Sep 94 14:24:16 -0400
From: John S Gwynne <jsg>
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--------

   In message <940906120059.18c1@abacus.gsfc.nasa.gov> , you write:
 
| 
| >MAP and BP sensors apparently do not return voltage as output.  Instead
| >the oscillate at a frequency which corresponds to the absolute pressure.
| >What electronics are involved with frequency to voltage conversion?
| 
| Your best bet for accuracy is a frequency counter - this would also tend to 
| eliminate noise (a digital filter if you will).
| 
| Suppose you find out the MAP sensor outputs between 50-150 HZ depending
| on pressure.  Hook up an 8-bit counter and read it every 10Hz.  You'll expect
| readings between 5-15 counts - this is a little low on accuracy but allows fo

That's why the counter circuit I posted a while back is a period counter *not*
a frequency counter. With it's 16-bit pre-scalar and 32-bit count register
running at 10MHz, this task is becomes trivial. Set the pre-scalar to say 4
or 5 cycles, and you will have fast accurate data.... I've used this circuit
to measure frequency as high as 4MHz to one time event lasting up to seven
minutes. Take a look at it; it's only 3 or 4 chips.

                                       John S Gwynne
                                          Gwynne.1@osu.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________
               T h e   O h i o - S t a t e   U n i v e r s i t y
    ElectroScience Laboratory, 1320 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
                Telephone: (614) 292-7981 * Fax: (614) 292-7292
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From owner-diy_efi  Tue Sep  6 18:38:38 1994
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Original-From: bohdan@uscbu.ih.att.com (Bohdan L Bodnar)
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: FW: Frequency to Voltage Conversion: how?
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Comments and useful information...

>  Someone writes:
>
>MAP and BP sensors apparently do not return voltage as output.  Instead
>the oscillate at a frequency which corresponds to the absolute pressure.
>What electronics are involved with frequency to voltage conversion?
>
>>This brings up another point: what output frequency corresponds to what
>>pressure level?  I'm sure we could test one to find out, but isn't there
>>already some book or manual that gives in depth data on sensor readings?
>>If we have to test every sensor, it is going to take a LONG time.  Surely
>>Ford, Chevy, and/or Bosch, publishes a manual for servicing EFI that
>>describes how each particular type of sensor responds.
>>
>>  Most single chip computers can measure frequency much better than voltage,
>>which is why MAF sensors output frequency.  Since I don't know the frequency
>>range for this sensor, I can't comment on the best circut to do a freq. to
>>voltage conversion.
>>  My GM map sensor outputs a voltage proportional to the pressure *and
>>reference voltage*.  I did a pressure calibration and found it to be extreemly
>>linear and very dependent on ref. voltage.  Three terminals: ground, ref in,
>>and output voltage.  I gave mine 5.0 volts.  I don't have the data handy, but
>>can post if you would wish.  I plan on calibrating all that I own to find out
>>repeatability info.  The MAP sensor I use is used in my '89 Berettas (4 and 6
>>cyl), my sister's '89 Corsica, and my friend's Jeep.
>>  - Steven ciciora





Steven, et al,

With the exception of Ford's MAP/BP sensors, I know of no other major
manufacturer which uses a digital output MAP/BP sensor;  all others use an
analog output.  The pressure/frequency relationship is given in Ford's
customer training literature;  if there's enough interest, I can post the table.
Typically, about 155 Hz is atmospheric pressure (157 Hz, +/- 1 Hz, yesterday
afternoon in Chicago -- I was working on an emission problem on my Mustang)
with the frequency being around 80 Hz at about 23" Hg vacuum.  The comment
about frequency measurement and MAF output is not quite true.  I know of NO
technical reason why frequency measurements are easier than voltage
measurements -- both are easy to do in real-time (keep in mind that
"real-time" in a automotive engine control environment is about 10
samples/second).  In one case, averaged period measurements are used to
indirectly obtain frequency whereas in the other analog to digital conversion
is used;  I suspect the latter doesn't even use sample-and-hold amplifiers
since the input signals change so slowly w.r.t. the conversion rate (around 20
microseconds for a typical 8-bit successive approximation converter using a 1
MHz clock).

Any MAF system based on currently deployed Bosch technology will have an analog
output from the MAF sensor with approximately reference voltage (5.0v nominal)
corresponding to atmospheric pressure.  This covers most Chrysler, most 1980s
GM stuff, and virtually all Japanese vehicles.  The "virtually" excludes stuff
using the Hitachi MAF sensor (a high-frequency digital output) and the Chrysler
import which uses the Karman-vortex sensor (Dodge Colt?).

Cordially,

Bohdan Bodnar
bohdan.l.bodnar@att.com


From owner-diy_efi  Tue Sep  6 19:58:58 1994
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From: Donald Day <msen!edgewd!msm!dday>
To: EFI Mail List <DIY_EFI>
Subject: EFI suggestions
Date: Tue, 06 Sep 94 09:23:00 PDT
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Hello all,

I am looking for engine management / data-acq alternatives for a 1986
Corvette.

I am already aware of the offerings from Accel and I also believe
that there is a company in AZ. doing simular EFI retrofits to older
carbed cars.

I am hoping on finding a more integrated solution that will allow me
to combine some other types of data-gathering (RPM, Braking,
G-forces, etc..) along with an engine management system.

Thanks in advance.

BTW I just subscribed so if this falls under a FAQ condition my
apoligies.

Donald Day
dday@msm.edgewood.com

From owner-diy_efi  Tue Sep  6 20:35:25 1994
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To: DIY_EFI
Subject: software organization...
Date: Tue, 06 Sep 94 16:35:22 -0400
From: John S Gwynne <jsg>
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--------

   For those of you interested in the software aspect of DIY_EFI, take a
look at the uC/OS real-Time multitasking kernel (ftp.uu.net in
vendor/microplex/pub). I'm porting this to my 68000 board and it looks
like it will simplify the timing problem associated with the sampling of the
various sensors. For example, it can be setup to sample the coolant sensor
once every minute, the air inlet temp once every second, and calculate
injector duration every 100mS. The kernel manages the timing and priority of
the process for you.


                                       John S Gwynne
                                          Gwynne.1@osu.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________
               T h e   O h i o - S t a t e   U n i v e r s i t y
    ElectroScience Laboratory, 1320 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
                Telephone: (614) 292-7981 * Fax: (614) 292-7292
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------



From owner-diy_efi  Tue Sep  6 22:05:52 1994
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Date: Tue, 6 Sep 1994 17:04:35 -0600
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Frequency to Voltage Conversion- Thanks
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> (Dan Bocek writes)
>
> While it is true that some airflow measuring techniques have a frequency
> output (the Karmen-vortex sensor, as used on a lot of Mitsubishi cars,
> comes to mind, although its output is pulse width modulated, so all you
> have to do is low pass filter the output to get DC) I've never heard of
> a MAP sensor outputting AC.  Where did you get this info?


I found out that MAP and BP sensors (at least Ford) output frequency
instead of DC voltage from a Ford EFI book.  Of course most new Ford's
don't use the MAP (or BP as it is called now) to measure mass air.  They
just use a MAP sensor hooked up to nothing to measure barometeric
pressure.  That is why it has been renamed the 'BP' sensor.  Mass air
sensing comes from a hot-wire type MAF sensor.

Anyway, thanks to everybody for the pointers on frequency sampling
techniques.  If I wasn't forced to take so many b.s. classes before
the real EE stuff, I wouldn't have to ask!



From owner-diy_efi  Wed Sep  7 15:01:35 1994
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Date: 7 Sep 1994 09:00:01 U
From: "Ciciora Steve" <sciciora@al.noaa.gov>
Subject: FW: software organization...
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_______________________________________________________________________________
John writes:
--------

   For those of you interested in the software aspect of DIY_EFI, take a
look at the uC/OS real-Time multitasking kernel (ftp.uu.net in
vendor/microplex/pub). I'm porting this to my 68000 board and it looks
like it will simplify the timing problem associated with the sampling of the
various sensors. For example, it can be setup to sample the coolant sensor
once every minute, the air inlet temp once every second, and calculate
injector duration every 100mS. The kernel manages the timing and priority of
the process for you.


                                       John S Gwynne
                                          Gwynne.1@osu.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________

John, 
  This sounds like the kernal I've seen on the Motorola BBS for the 6811.  Is
it?  Since you will be porting it (from what, if not the 6811), I assume you
will soon understand it pretty well.  I've been meaning to check out real time
kernals for some time, but they have always seem to be a little over my head or
require a C compiler.  When you understand it a little better, could you give
us a breif overview?  How much overhead does it require (size/time)?
  Thanks for helping keeping the project rolling!
- Steven Ciciora





From owner-diy_efi  Wed Sep  7 17:20:57 1994
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Date: Wed,  7 Sep 94 11:23:24 CDT
From: Steve=Ravet%Prj=Eng%PCPD=Hou@bangate.compaq.com
Subject: mp kernel
To: diy_efi
Cc: 
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John wrote:
   For those of you interested in the software aspect of DIY_EFI, take a
look at the uC/OS real-Time multitasking kernel (ftp.uu.net in
vendor/microplex/pub). I'm porting this to my 68000 board and it looks
like it will simplify the timing problem associated with the sampling of the
various sensors. For example, it can be setup to sample the coolant sensor
once every minute, the air inlet temp once every second, and calculate
injector duration every 100mS. The kernel manages the timing and priority of
the process for you.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
John -- I understand you are using a GCC cross compiler for your 68000.  As 
long as you are on a unix system, GCC is easy to configure as a 
cross-compiler.  If there's interest, I can dust off my linux, get the sources 
and build a compiler.  Actually, I'll go ahead and do that unless someone else 
has done it or is doing it.  It'd be nice to have a DOS cross-compiler, 
though, anyone know if there is one out there?

What is the chance of getting an etched version of your CPU board.  I hate 
wire wrapping, but I'd be willing to pay a few dollars to get an etched board.
I know getting small batches of PC boards is a FAQ on sci.electronics,I'll 
have a look and see if I can get any info.  If anyone else here has 
connections for getting etching done, please speak up.

--steve


From owner-diy_efi  Thu Sep  8 02:44:45 1994
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From: marrone@optilink.dsccc.com (Frank Marrone)
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In-Reply-To: Bohdan.L.Bodnar@att.com
        "Re: FW: Frequency to Voltage Conversion: how?" (Sep  6,  1:38pm)
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> measurements -- both are easy to do in real-time (keep in mind that
> "real-time" in a automotive engine control environment is about 10
> samples/second).

This reminds me of a question I have always wondered about DIY EFI (and DLI
as well) and perhaps this is the answer but I'll speak my question out loud
anyway;

What sort of aquisition/output update rate is required to eliminate errors
due to the acceleration (+/-) of the motor internals?  It seems that many
high-po engines could accelerate at a rate that would make data at a 10sps
rate kind of useless.  If the the 10sps rate is just for MAP I guess I
could buy it since air as a mass has inertia and all but what about ignition?

How often are you required to sense crank position to eliminate acceleration
errors for spark control? Other supervisory/control tasks?


P.S. With reference to the smart supply: It might be that I am volenteering
but I just got back from vacation and I need to think about the specs you
posted before I get in too deep.  I am still reverse engineering a knock box
for someone and while it is very interesting I do have my own projects I would
like to get started as well.


-- 
Frank Marrone at marrone@optilink.dsccc.com
1965 Sunbeam Tiger B9471116

From owner-diy_efi  Thu Sep  8 04:10:59 1994
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To: DIY_EFI
Cc: jsg
Subject: Re: mp kernel 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 Sep 94 11:23:24 CDT."
             <m0qiQM3-000uH7C@twisto.eng.hou.compaq.com> 
Date: Thu, 08 Sep 94 00:10:56 -0400
From: John S Gwynne <jsg>
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| John -- I understand you are using a GCC cross compiler for your 68000.  As 
| long as you are on a unix system, GCC is easy to configure as a 
| cross-compiler.  If there's interest, I can dust off my linux, get the sources 
| and build a compiler.  Actually, I'll go ahead and do that unless someone else 
| has done it or is doing it.  It'd be nice to have a DOS cross-compiler, 
| though, anyone know if there is one out there?

DJGPP is a DOS version of GCC (as I understand it). It may be possible to
build the cross-compiler with that. (???) IMHO, linux is the way to go; but
I'm a unix person and nearly pc illiterate :). There are other
cross-compilers out there but keep in mind that it take more than just a
compiler for good software development. With the GNU stuff, we also have
the assembler (GAS), the binary utilities, the debugger (gdb), and the
standard C library (glibc). I've used the m68k-sun-sunos4 target for
everything. I will be happy to throw in my "two cent" for anyone interested
in doing this.

| What is the chance of getting an etched version of your CPU board.  I hate 
| wire wrapping, but I'd be willing to pay a few dollars to get an etched board.
| I know getting small batches of PC boards is a FAQ on sci.electronics,I'll 
| have a look and see if I can get any info.  If anyone else here has 
| connections for getting etching done, please speak up.

6"x4" board with maybe 4 layers.... I could generate the complete layout, 
but I would rather spend the time working on the companion board if 
someone else could do that.  Let us know what you find in terms of cost.

I don't really want to start an endless CPU debate (and certainly 
not a "bye y'all" type flame war :):) ), but the development tools for
the 68XXX are here, free, and good. I ordered a 68HC811E2FN last week, and
will build the coactive gcc port for it; however, I don't believe the 
development environment will be as good. YMMV. (FYI: The 68k will be the
primary CPU for my EFI project, but I may use the 68hc11 under the hood to
minimize the number of wires running into the passenger compartment.)

                                       John S Gwynne
                                          Gwynne.1@osu.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________
               T h e   O h i o - S t a t e   U n i v e r s i t y
    ElectroScience Laboratory, 1320 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
                Telephone: (614) 292-7981 * Fax: (614) 292-7292
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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           Thu, 08 Sep 1994 00:02:23 PDT
Date:      Thu, 08 Sep 1994 00:02:22 PDT
From: "Dan Bocek" <dan@di.com>
Message-Id: <2e6eb6ff.diginst@di.com>
Organization: Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA
To: "diy_efi"DIY_EFI
Subject:   sensor vendors
Sender: owner-diy_efi
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI

There seems to have been a lot of talk about what type of sensors are
needed for an EFI system, but not much about where to get them (aside
from the junk yard - tough to get data on those!).  I need a cheap
pressure transducer (prefferably PC board mountable) that can measure 
0 to ~45 psi absolute pressure and that can stand up to the high 
tempurature of turbocharged whipped up air and to the dissolving effect of 
the occasional gasoline/oil/hydrocarbon molecule that's bound to fly 
through it every now and then.  I've seen plenty of adds for this type of 
transducer in "Sensor" magazine, but they're all designed for industrial 
applications, and are a coupla hundred bucks apiece!  Where does the
automotive industry buy their sensors?  How do you buy stuff from Bosch
directly?

Since people also seem to be interested in knock sensors, does anyone
know anything more about the Analog Devices part number AD22030 than is
mentioned in the feeble preliminary data sheet?  It's listed as a 
monolithic, dual input knock-sensor interface circuit - it would be 
perfect for our application - but I have a feeling it's probably just
vapor-ware.  Just wondering if anyone knows anything about it.
-- 
                                                   
                                                    Dan Bocek
                                                    dan@di.com


