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Subject: Re: [Q] EFI computers on different engines
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Sun, 1 Oct 1995 20:56:10 +0200 (EET)
In-Reply-To: <199509280312.NAA07154@shiva.trl.OZ.AU> from "Craig Pugsley" at Sep 28, 95 01:12:55 pm
From: Jari Porhio <eppu@ee.tut.fi>
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Craig wrote:

> Yes, it's operation is virtually identical to an L jet. I got a generic

 The page http://proffa.cc.tut.fi/~k124775/ describes the guts of one
L-Jetronic box (actually the second, the first one got
electrocuted...).

____________________________________________________________________________
 Jari Porhio  eppu@cc.tut.fi :                  No offence  :)

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Date: Sun, 1 Oct 1995 16:17:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Daniel Harry Elsberg <dhe1@cornell.edu>
Subject: Re: Modifying O2 output
To: DIY_EFI
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> >
> >>From a WWW page about O2 sensors, I got the following information:
> >
With so many replies and quotes, I don't even know who wrote this in the
first place, bu I have been looking for this homepage and have not for the
life of me been able to find it.  Can someone post the address for it, and
maybe add it to the resources or www pages portion of the DIY_EFI page.

Thanks,
dan



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On Sat, 30 Sep 1995, Neville Newman wrote:

> Thanks for the correction.  i'm in California, and everything
> the other side of the Sierras is all the same to us !!

	Funny you should see us that way....everything WEST of the 
	Sierras is the same to us!

	Rob Rowton
	University of Texas at Arlington

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From: Craig Pugsley <c.pugsley@trl.oz.au>
Message-Id: <199510020043.KAA03183@shiva.trl.OZ.AU>
Subject: Re: [Q] EFI computers on different engines
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 10:43:34 +1000 (EST)
In-Reply-To: <199510011856.UAA12987@ee.tut.fi> from "Jari Porhio" at Oct 1, 95 08:56:10 pm
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> 
> Craig wrote:
> 
> > Yes, it's operation is virtually identical to an L jet. I got a generic
> 
>  The page http://proffa.cc.tut.fi/~k124775/ describes the guts of one
> L-Jetronic box (actually the second, the first one got
> electrocuted...).
> 
> ____________________________________________________________________________
>  Jari Porhio  eppu@cc.tut.fi :                  No offence  :)
> 

I'd like to request that this page be put on the DIY_EFI homepage
hotlist (presuming it's OK by the author),as it contains some good info
on L jet.
Matti Kalahati's page on the toyota 3t-GTEU engine and fuel injection at
http://proffa.cc.tut.fi/~k124476/vehicles/3T-GTEfi.html also provides
info on this specific setup.

Craig.
pugsley@trl.oz.au

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 02:03:06 1995
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From: Bruce Bowling <bowling@cebaf.gov>
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Sun, 01 Oct 1995 21:55:52 EDT
In-Reply-To: <m0syviv-000CvHC@knuth.mtsu.edu>; from "Jonathan R. Lusky" at Sep 30, 95 1:48 am
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~ 
~ I'm not sure where the other MSD's die, but I know the 7A i ran a few
~ years ago got flaky as hell at 10V and totally crapped out by 9.5V.
~ 
~ -- 
~ Jonathan R. Lusky                        lusky@knuth.mtsu.edu
~ http://www.edge.net/~lusky/                 (615) 726-8700
~ -------------------------------------   ------------------------------
~ 68 Camaro Convertible - 350 / TH350  \_/ 80 Toyota Celica - 20R / 5spd
~ 
People I have talked to in the past has also seen the flaky response
around the save battery voltage.  What I have also been told is that
MSD boxes usually don't just "die" - they act screwy instead, like 
mis-firing, etc.

The ONLY plus I give to Jacobs box is a toggle switch (3 position)
which can switch you back to normal un-mod mode.  The third position
kills the ignition.  Jocobs could do this because the stock ignition
amplifier is retained, the Jacobs box is inserted between the
amplifier and the coil.  MSD takes over the job of the ignition
amp by hooking directly to the reluctor pickup, so this is harder
with MSD.  

- Bruce

--
-----------------------------------------------------
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-----------------------------------------------------
               Bruce A. Bowling
  Staff Scientist - Instrumentation and Controls
 The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
    12000 Jefferson Ave - Newport News, VA 23602
                 (804) 249-7240
                bowling@cebaf.gov  
        http://devserve.cebaf.gov/~bowling
-----------------------------------------------------
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-----------------------------------------------------

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 03:41:24 1995
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From: lusky@knuth.mtsu.edu (Jonathan R. Lusky)
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Sun, 1 Oct 1995 22:31:15 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <199510020156.VAA23321@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> from "Bruce Bowling" at Oct 1, 95 09:55:52 pm
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Bruce Bowling writes:
> People I have talked to in the past has also seen the flaky response
> around the save battery voltage.  What I have also been told is that
> MSD boxes usually don't just "die" - they act screwy instead, like 
> mis-firing, etc.
 
The only time its ever been a problem for me was on a Formula-SAE
engine, with way too little battery and a current hungry injection
pump.  COuldn't even jumpstart the car when the battery got low...

> The ONLY plus I give to Jacobs box is a toggle switch (3 position)
> which can switch you back to normal un-mod mode.  The third position
> kills the ignition.  Jocobs could do this because the stock ignition
> amplifier is retained, the Jacobs box is inserted between the
> amplifier and the coil.  MSD takes over the job of the ignition
> amp by hooking directly to the reluctor pickup, so this is harder
> with MSD.  

You can trigger the MSD off the stock amplifier..  this is how you have
to do it with a late model computer controlled HEI and the like.  I'd
imagine you could do the same type of switch with an MSD when triggering
with this method, if you can find a suitable switch.



-- 
Jonathan R. Lusky                        lusky@knuth.mtsu.edu
http://www.edge.net/~lusky/                 (615) 726-8700
-------------------------------------   ------------------------------
68 Camaro Convertible - 350 / TH350  \_/ 80 Toyota Celica - 20R / 5spd

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 08:17:03 1995
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Date: Sun, 01 Oct 1995 20:51:00 +0000
From: dave.williams@chaos.lrk.ar.us (Dave Williams)
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
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-> system that sounds a *LOT* like the new one from SAAB, which uses
-> "continuous" resistance measurements over the plug gap to determine
-> what to do on the next firing cycle.

 The TAG engine management systems some F1 teams were using five or six
years ago did that, to reduce the spark to the minimum level, much like
the Jacobs units claim to do.  Jacobs claims too much zap will do evil
things to the combustion process, which is dead opposite my own testing
with various coils and ignition systems.  If I had a long enough
extension cord I'd have my arc welder hooked up to the distributor
somehow.

 The only justification I can find for reducing spark energy would be if
the plugs had a rather narrow heat range and tended to overheat at high
RPM unless power was reduced.  It's well known that it's easier to light
a spark at high RPM than low RPM, so you could get away with it.  I'm
not convinced reducing spark energy would cool the plug to make much
difference, though.

 The SAAB Trionic system monitors the resistance across the plug gap to
look for detonation.  It's much more accurate than the usual piezo
sensors, and doesn't require extensive signal filtering.  The later
Trionics can also determine if a cylinder is running lean by monitoring
required spark voltage, and it's also handy for detecting misfire, which
is a requirement for OBD-II.
                                                                                                    

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From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Message-Id: <199510021434.PAA22169@kastor.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 95 15:34:05 MET
In-Reply-To: <199509292127.OAA20171@cato.verity.com> from "Neville Newman" at Sep 29, 95 02:27:44 pm
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<Neville Newman> wrote:
> 
> Even more
> amazing was the followup shock-factor demonstration, where they fed the
> same engine's inlet from the tailpipe of a running SAAB 96? 2-cycle
> motor.  The output was still within CA-legal emmissions limits.

Afaik, it was a Saab 99 (the old "tank" how it is called here). Rest of
the message correlates pretty with what I read about it. Really amazing..

Jens.
------------------------------------
           Jens Knickmeyer
Technische Universitaet Braunschweig
         Mikroprozessorlabor
 38106 Braunschweig near Wolfsburg
       knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
------------------------------------


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 15:00:28 1995
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From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Message-Id: <199510021450.PAA22464@kastor.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Subject: O2 sensors - WWW
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 95 15:50:09 MET
In-Reply-To: <Pine.3.07-CIT.9510011617.D21862-9100000@travelers.mail.cornell.edu> from "Daniel Harry Elsberg" at Oct 1, 95 04:17:22 pm
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<Daniel Harry Elsberg> wrote:
> 
> > >
> > >>From a WWW page about O2 sensors, I got the following information:
> > >
> With so many replies and quotes, I don't even know who wrote this in the
> first place, bu I have been looking for this homepage and have not for the
> life of me been able to find it.  Can someone post the address for it, and
> maybe add it to the resources or www pages portion of the DIY_EFI page.
> 
> Thanks,
> dan

That was me (see below).

The WWW page is
http://ram.chem.tulane.edu:8080/f-body/trivia/o2sensor.html

I contacted that site a long time ago and do not know if it still works,
so please check out before adding a pointer to it on the DIY_EFI page!

Jens
------------------------------------
           Jens Knickmeyer
Technische Universitaet Braunschweig
         Mikroprozessorlabor
 38106 Braunschweig near Wolfsburg
       knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
------------------------------------


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Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 11:13:44 -0400
From: MSargent@gallium.com (Michael F. Sargent)
Message-Id: <9510021513.AA03503@ivan.gallium.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
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> People I have talked to in the past has also seen the flaky response
> around the save battery voltage.  What I have also been told is that
> MSD boxes usually don't just "die" - they act screwy instead, like 
> mis-firing, etc.

I had the rather unpleasant experiance of killing both batteries in my boat
this summer (about 100 miles from home - the voltage regulator had packed
it in). They MSD-6M I run worked perfectly, right down to the point where
there wasn't enough juice to turn the engine over. Maybe if it had of acted
flakey I would have realized something was wrong before it stopped totally.

All in all, I'm very happy with the MSD box. It's been in the boat for more
than a year now, and works very well. All of the problems I was having (hard
cold starts, poor idle when cold, "loading up" when idling) are all gone.

Mike
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Michael F. Sargent   | Net: msargent@gallium.com | Phone: 1(613)721-0902 |
| Gallium Software Inc.|                           | FAX:   1(613)721-1278 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+


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Subject: re: Re: ALDL Data Stream Decoding
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Martin Evans <100341.377@COMPUSERVE.COM> Wrote:
| 
| On Mon, 18 Sep 95 jwharris@holli.com (J.W. Harris) wrote:
| 
| >I was at a SAE OBDII toptec and found this out about avialability of 
ALDL
| >data information:
| 
| >The final rule for avialability of emission service related information 
| >is contained in the Federal Register Vol. 60, No. 153, Wednesday, 
| >Aug., 9 1995.  Page 40474.
| 
| >This rule requires manufacturers to make avialable all serivce 
information
| >supplied to dealers at a reasonable cost.
| 
| >There is an online computer system called FedWorld which can be accessed 

| >up to 3 hours a day at 703-321-3339.  This tells what is available, 
where
| >and the cost.  It can be also accessed by telneting to fedworld.gov.
| 
| >The Equipment and Tool Institute, 1806 Johns Drive, Glenview, IL 
60025-1657
| >708-729-8550, 708-729-3670 (fax) provides a annual forum called the 
Domestic 
| >Tech Week where (scan)tool makers meet with the big three to discuss new
| >model changes including Class II data stream information.
| 
| Has anyone followed this up and obtained the specs for ALDL or found 
| out what reasonable cost is?
| 
| 

Or if it applies to pre OBD-II cars?   Diagnostic info and connectors will 
be the same for all makes and models when OBD-II is implemented, but does 
this mean that they are going to release the ALDL info for cars built in 
the 80s up until now?

Steve Ravet
sravet@bangate.compaq.com
Baby you're a genius when it comes to cooking up some chili sauce...

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 17:14:34 1995
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From: neville@Verity.COM (Neville Newman)
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Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 10:07:52 -0700
Message-Id: <199510021707.KAA21954@cato.verity.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
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Every 99 i have ever seen is a 4-cylinder 4-stroke.  The only
3-cylinder 2-strokes i've seen are 96's .  When i lived in
Massachusetts, SAABs were everywhere.  

If you know 99's to have had the 3-cylinder motor, i'd like
to find out what years so i can fill in my SAAB "map".

If not, perhaps you could post a correction to the list.

					-neville

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 19:35:22 1995
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From: "Paul E. Campbell" <pecampbe@mtu.edu>
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Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 15:18:44 -0400 (EDT)
In-Reply-To: <199509292127.OAA20171@cato.verity.com> from "Neville Newman" at Sep 29, 95 02:27:44 pm
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> If Jacobs really patented this technology, as he seems to claim, then
> he'd be shouting from the rooftops that he had licensed it to SAAB.
> If he didn't invent it, then i doubt that he could afford to license
> it from SAAB.  Either way, it leads me to believe that his recent ads
> are claiming something which is patently false (pun intended).

Jacobs is a tricky bastard. The only thing he patented was the actual physical
DESIGN of his ignition system. He didn't put anything about the control
system or the sensor capabilities into the patent. I went after the patent
specifically BECAUSE I wanted to know how he was using the spark plug as a
sensor and was very disappointed.

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 19:35:23 1995
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From: "Paul E. Campbell" <pecampbe@mtu.edu>
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Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 15:24:16 -0400 (EDT)
In-Reply-To: <199509291929.PAA17914@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> from "Bruce Bowling" at Sep 29, 95 03:29:24 pm
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> Absolutely!  But the Dr. touts that a measured gain of 15 HP can be had
> by his box.  Just like his variable-reluctance magic coil will add
> 5 HP alone (hence the PhD in marketing).  They may help a oil-burner
> or a gas-flooder run a little better, but the average car will 
> not get the gain stated.  And where is the computer which is
> built-in the box?  Hard to see with all that potting compound.

I'm not going to argue for Jacob's big advertising campaign. The numbers just
don't add up and people I know who have tried his system said their engines
sputtered and acted like crap for the first few weeks..which is ridiculous
since it should only take 10 or 20 revs. at MOST to map out the curves
ASSUMING Jacob's box actually does any controls at all.

However, potting in this case is a GOOD THING. The big advantage of potting
in this case is that you gain increased shock resistance, potentially
increased thermal conduction, and weatherproofing. A side benefit is that
any other prying eyes who may happen to know what they are doing have a much
more difficult time digging into your corporate secrets.

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 21:48:12 1995
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Subject: Ignition details
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 16:54:21 -0400 (EDT)
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Okay, as per recommendations on this mailing list (DIY-EFI), I've decided to
tackle DIY ignition first.

The vehicle in question is an 88 Ford Bronco 2 with stock everything. The
engine is 2.9L V-6 with an "EEC-IV" type ignition (Ford specific terminology
there). The ignition box itself literally just takes commands from the EEC
module on when to fire and does the crankshaft timing filtering for the
benefit of the EEC. The EEC is of course a EFI module and some extra space
for Ford to continue computerizing the rest of their vehicles with (such as
the Ford Taurus stuff).

I've learned this much so far:

1. Regardless of WHEN you decide to fire off a spark, there are several things
which happen:

a. An initial high voltage ionizes the path across the electrodes in the plug.
This is usually on the order of 10-20kV.

b. The initial spark may go out (bad). Or it may start but burn very slowly
and cause backfiring as the still combusting gasses go out the exhaust port
(bad). Or it may go into growth mode (good).

c. Regardless of whether you use MSD, CD, or regular old ID, you normally
light the spark, then continue pouring energy into it. If you don't dump
in enough energy, it will either go out or be slow burning. If you have
enough, you'll get a good, sustained flame front moving at the maxium rate.

d. After the threshold point is reached, adding more energy is pointless and
just wastes energy. SAE 850075 confirms this. Another paper I have (but don't
have with me) suggests that this threshold is at the point where you can
detect an initial pressure rise in the cylinder due to thermal expansion.

2. SAE860485 says that using the spark plug as an ionization sensor does not
work at all. However, one bibliographic reference I have ("Engine Performance
monitoring by means of the spark plug", Proceedings of the Inst. of Mech.
Engineers, Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 209, #D2,
pp. 143-146, 1995) probable says you can do it. The local library doesn't
get this journal..can someone at least check for me? Also, the recent Saab
advertising suggests that this does work, in addition to measuring other
good things.

3. SAE750348 is a different type of ignition system not discussed on this
list. In that system, a standard ignition coil is used but a charge pump
continues to feed energy into the coil so you have a continuous spark (and
automatic relighting with that particular circuit as a side benefit). It
works like an inductive system but it can sustain a spark indefinitely so
it has the advantages that a capacitive multiple spark discharge system
would have.

Now, this part is conjecture:

1. Suppose we equip our ignition system with the appropriate sensors to
measure the conductivity across the plug. While a spark is lit, this could
be done by measuring the voltage/current/energy of the ignition system. During
the rest of the cycle, you could use a high frequency oscillator to get a
signal from the spark plug gap without lighting a spark.

2. First, we should see some base conductivity while the cylinder is drawing
fresh air.

3. We should see an increase in the conductivity when the injector fires
because the chamber is filled with a moist mixture of fuel and air.

4. When we light the spark, we should see a massive rise in conductivity
because there is an ionized path inside the cylinder.

5. As combustion occurs, we should see a distinct CHANGE in the conductivity.
This should be either an increase or a decrease (not sure which) because the
resulting exhaust gasses have a different conductivity. Once we see that
change occur, this should indicate that we have a sustained flame front that
is now moving outward away from the vicinity of the spark plug and we can
cease feeding energy into the ionized gap.

6. I'm stuck on #5. If I were a graduate student working on this, I'd just
take my CFR engine standard and try it out. But I'm not.

7. Undoubtably (judging by Saab's claims), you can do much more than just
detect a good flame front. The conductvity of the exhaust gasses for instance
should tell you how complete your burning was and the fact that you didn't
see a change in conductivity (see #5) by the time the exhaust valve is
opening says you got a misfire on your hands. A similar trick should tell you
about detonation and the conductivity of the air/fuel mixture should tell you
about leanness.

If someone can fill in the details I'm missing above (PLEASE!), then I will
start work on the following project:

1. Build a home made spark ignition system as follows:

a. On initial lighting, the system charges up a coil by acting as a charge
pump into the coil.

b. Once the spark is lit, the coil is treated as a voltage multiplier and
tank for an oscillator/transformer type ignition system.

c. The spark generator (a. and b.) are shut off at an appropriate time. This
system is similar to that described in SAE750348 but I'm think about some
modifications to it. For instance, the aforementioned high frequency
oscillator without sparking for sensor purposes.

2. The system already has to read the engine crank signals if it is going to
be a drop in replacement for the original Ford box. The actual crank signal
detector will probably use a PLL so that I can access my own higher resolution
timing signal.

3. The initial system will just follow the EEC blindly except that I'll set
the spark timing to a specific crank angle as far as stopping the spark.

4. Following that, I will look at the data as far as conductivity goes and
see if I can't optimize the system further, perhaps even as far as ignoring
the EEC's commands as far as spark timing and perhaps lying to the EEC as
far as crank angle goes (although at that point, I might as well just start
builidng my own EFI too). As far as processing this stuff goes, I would
consider the following:

a. The amount of data to be processed if this was implemented "directly"
(feed the input to a flash A/D converter with or without some sort of extra
programmable signal conditioning) is enormous. So instead, I would consider
doing everything according to crankshaft angle timing. And then program a
series of D registers to latch the data at specific time intervals. This could
be done by having a series of programmable triggers set to points on the PLL's
output. This would allow me to use a relatively pathetic microcontroller for
the actual data analysis and control. Those same triggers will already be
necessary for the spark duration control so this is no big thing.

As far as whether I'm biting off more than I can chew, I'll list the work I've
done over the past 3 years:

1. Designed and built a sensor system for measuring the slurry slump inside
a pilot scale autogenous mill grinding -8"+1" hematite ore by measuring the
conductivity of the slurry inside the mill (mostly the only technical problems
here were analyzing the data, getting the data off a rotating body, and
building a measurement device that could stand having several hundred pounds
of force striking it regularly).

2. Designed and built a power measurement box that was installed at a mine
on their 1500kW motor. This one wasn't so bad as far as interfacing goes, just
that it had to take a measurement every 5 minutes and store the data for
at least 3 months without any maintenance and survive power failures which
are frequent around here. The data logger stored the data in CRC protected
EEPROM and spewed the contents on command via RS-232 from a laptop.

3. Designed, modified, etc., the software and the electronics for one of the
prototypes of an online viscometer that measures mineral slurry viscosity
over a wide range (about 10 s^-1 to 6000 s^-1) of shear rates. The viscometer
had to collect the data, analyze it, clean itself out, etc.

4. I've got the transfer case from another one of my vehicles apart on my
bench. It's a Ford NP208 for a full size Bronco and one of the thrust washers
disintegrated in it (parts are in the mail right now..damn it, I want to go
four wheeling still this year and we already had 6" of snow).

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Mon Oct  2 22:48:06 1995
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From: Jody Shapiro <jshapiro@CS.Cornell.EDU>
To: "'DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu'"
	 <DIY_EFI>
Subject: RE: O2 sensors - WWW
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 17:57:22 -0400
Encoding: 26 TEXT, 44 UUENCODE
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From: 	Jens Knickmeyer[SMTP:knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de]
<Daniel Harry Elsberg> wrote:
> 
> > >
> > >>From a WWW page about O2 sensors, I got the following information:
> > >
> With so many replies and quotes, I don't even know who wrote this in the
> first place, bu I have been looking for this homepage and have not for the
> life of me been able to find it.  Can someone post the address for it, and
> maybe add it to the resources or www pages portion of the DIY_EFI page.
> 
> Thanks,
> dan

That was me (see below).

The WWW page is
http://ram.chem.tulane.edu:8080/f-body/trivia/o2sensor.html

I contacted that site a long time ago and do not know if it still works,
so please check out before adding a pointer to it on the DIY_EFI page!

Jens

The new f-body page is at:
http://www.he.net/~wj/f-body/fbody.html

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M"1 !````7 ,``%@#``!1!0``3%I&=>,&0]W_``H!#P(5`J@%ZP*#`% "\@D"
M`&-H"L!S970R-P8`!L,"@S(#Q0(`<')"<1'B<W1E;0*#,W<"Y <3`H!]"H (
MSPG9._$6#S(U-0* "H$-L0M@8&YG,3 S%% +`VR0:3$T- +1:2T9\V<,T!GS
M"UDQ-@PA$U!OU1/08P5 1@-A.@KA&TNS'#8,@B!*"? $($L#`!1C:P> >020
M6U--$%10.FL?,D!I8@!R+F-S+G1U+?9B(- -L%T*CPN1%%$+\KD<-CQ$`' (
MD ,@2 K @')Y($5L<V($D-!G/B!W'$(Z(84E`!<EAR:!)AH^'+(@82#*5R@0
M("&P9V4GX ;@>G4%0$\1X!&P`( %L',@+"!)(&<<4"!T=F@H@ (0;!6@`_ 9
M$"#+"X "$'(`P'1I`B E>)DFJE=I*B I(&\@`X$_)' 6$ M0") $( !P9""L
M<74<42F39 (@)P5 =&5V"? @(" JH"40:/\M<"4C*A$$`"KQ*A(EAQI )Q&@
M!4 +46-E*:!B=5\IL1& +[ RX GA(!6@;_YK*L(K(3#4,% '@"A4+G&_,T,P
M``5 -&0QB!G09BB W&]F+8 S=0&@;##!+7"'&D N<2T@+B @0P.1SRE@!X "
M("B <&\R42HB^&%D9!80!!$T8BT@*:#W+F$EAP# >23 .K(Y$3B2ORHB.O$(
M83*P!" %L7<^D'\H0P0@.C `("N!-Y(J(D1@25E?148IP"A2+LDECR!4$8!N
M:RF00/<^9 !P(84AA4(1!4!W8;L$(#?1*!&P,W(JD2E YE]#MRB *!<$`"&%
M: ) <, Z+R]R86T@L"HP'TAP(/ 8\4#0"8!U.C@R,$F0+V8A$ 1P>2^*= 40
M=@<P+V\R*33R+D?@;6Q#3"G !: ",/\`T!/0+H J($1!`) PL2?P_Q6@*M$K
M<#?1*& M<"YB+T!_-@,O\P:0/1(3P ,0`R!W[P6P0E@M80M0942 *(!(D?\?
M4#>0*-$DP"LA.J,JPB?P_SHP"X 3T#2!+7 ](3^!/^Y^(4-,'M(AAR)J)@8B
M36-_`$!&<SH`!^!)Y$;V)^!T_R5V(?]9=4?E/I%+0$#0.@"@="]^=VI)UF9*
M`E]+0R)/'%1;A14Q`&(``P`0$ `````#`!$0`````$ `!S"@72'P$9&Z`4 `
@"#"@72'P$9&Z`1X`/0`!````!0```%)%.B `````V5L`
`
end


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 00:27:30 1995
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Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 20:20:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Bob Valentine <ravalent@liii.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
In-Reply-To: <199510020156.VAA23321@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
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> The ONLY plus I give to Jacobs box is a toggle switch (3 position)
> which can switch you back to normal un-mod mode.  The third position
> kills the ignition.  Jocobs could do this because the stock ignition

    That is a nice option... especially since timing lights don't trigger 
too well of multiple spark systems like MSD.

> amplifier is retained, the Jacobs box is inserted between the
> amplifier and the coil.  MSD takes over the job of the ignition
> amp by hooking directly to the reluctor pickup, so this is harder
> with MSD.  

    I carry a homemade harness with a HEI module spliced in the event of 
a problem with the MSD.  Haven't had to use it yet, save for timing 
adjustments.

                     -->   Bob Valentine  <--  
                    --> ravalent@liii.com  <--  
            "Hard Acceleration Saves Costly Aggravation"

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 02:09:55 1995
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Date: Mon, 2 Oct 1995 21:01:35 -0500
From: Mike Klopfer <klopfer@eagle.natinst.com>
Message-Id: <199510030201.VAA20165@eagle.natinst.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: ion gap sensor
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There was a recent post about measuring the spark current to get information
on the combustion. There was some good discussion on this in march of this
year and the following recent references were given by r.dingli@ee.mu.oz.au

< included text >
SAE 950004  Ion-Gap Sense in Misfire Detection, Knock and Engine Control
Auzins, J., Johansson, H. and Nytomt, J.,  (Delco and Mecel)

SAE 950003 Engine Misfire Detection by Ionization Current Monitoring
Lee, A. and Pyko, J.,  (Chrysler)

<end included text>


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 04:24:26 1995
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From: genesis!mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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	From: neville@verity.com (Neville Newman)
	
	                                           When i lived in
	Massachusetts, SAABs were everywhere.  

that's because boston was the location of the first [and for some few
years the only] saab dealer in north america -- gaston andrey.  this
was deliberate - saab didn't want to spread themselves too thin.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 04:24:26 1995
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From: genesis!mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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Apparently-From: mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
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	From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
	
	<Neville Newman> wrote:
	> 
	> Even more
	> amazing was the followup shock-factor demonstration, where they fed the
	> same engine's inlet from the tailpipe of a running SAAB 96? 2-cycle
	> motor.  The output was still within CA-legal emmissions limits.
	
	Afaik, it was a Saab 99 (the old "tank" how it is called here). Rest of
	the message correlates pretty with what I read about it. Really amazing..

couldn't have been a 99.

when i was growing up, my family had -5- saabs [not all at once] - a
93, 2 96s, and 2 99s.  the latter were -never- available with the
ring-ding; baseline engine was originally a 1709-cc triumph-built
slant-4 with 87 hp using analog bosch fi [1971].
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 04:24:28 1995
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From: genesis!mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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Apparently-From: mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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	From: Bruce Bowling <bowling@cebaf.gov>
	
	MSD ignitions are also CD, but the added multiple spark is something
	the others (like Jacobs) do not have.  They both put about 450 volts
	across the coil, using a DC-to-DC converter.  MSD also does not
	"pot" their boxes.

the multiple spark is also mostly marketing jazz -- someone on the net
reverse-engineered the msd box and discovered that the sparks count
down as rpm increases, until it's down to just one spark above ~3500rpm.

_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 11:53:33 1995
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From: genesis!mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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Apparently-From: mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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Subject: Re: Ignition details
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	From: "Paul E. Campbell" <pecampbe@mtu.edu>
	
	Okay, as per recommendations on this mailing list (DIY-EFI), I've decided to
	tackle DIY ignition first.
	
i hope you cooperate/coordinate with the diy332 folks...

	[]
	
	4. I've got the transfer case from another one of my vehicles apart on my
	bench. It's a Ford NP208 for a full size Bronco and one of the thrust washers
automotive nit:  NP stands for new process gear div. of chrysler; they
make just about all of the transfer cases for everybody.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 12:19:20 1995
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From: matny@isy.liu.se (Mattias Nyberg)
Message-Id: <9510031211.AA05889@macken.isy.liu.se>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: O2-sensor and lambda
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Does the O2-sensor measure lambda?

The O2-sensor measure the concentration of O2 in
the exhaust gases. This is not equivalent or
proportional to the lambda value.
The relation is as follows (from Heywood):

              Ma    [CO2]+[CO]/2+[H2O]/2+[NO]/2+[NO2]+[O2]
(A/F) = 4.77*----*-----------------------------------------
              Mf            [HC]+[CO]+[CO2]

where [..] means concentration, and Ma is the mole-mass of
air and Mf is the mole-mass of fuel.

In a linear lambda sensor, we can measure the O2
concentration but this is obvously not the same
as the lambda value. What is the error made?
Is it really lamdba that is interesting for the catalyst,
or is it the O2-concentration?

Mattias Nyberg

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 12:44:37 1995
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <Sam_L_Smith@i-link.net>
From: "Sam L. Smith" <Sam.L.Smith@i-link.net>
Organization:  SamWise InfoSystems
To: DIY_EFI
Date:          Tue, 3 Oct 1995 07:27:12 -6000
Subject:       Catalogs, data sheets, etc.
Priority: normal
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hello to all,

I am a new subscriber to this group, so please excuse me if I rehash 
info that has already been beaten to death.  I'm a retired (for 20 
years) auto mechanic and retired (for 5 years) computer engineer, so 
your list looks very interesting.

I saw Ed Lasinger's series of articles on EFI and electronic 
ignition and thought that I might try to ressurect an old Honda 
GL-1000 motorcycle from the dead with a home-brew EFI system.

To get off ground zero, I need information on sensors, injectors, 
etc.  If there is a FAQ or other listing of manufacturers for these 
items, please direct me there. 

 I have a pretty good set of microcontroller data books, but they are 
old and I need some fresh info there too.

Any help would be appreciated.



-----
"When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro." - HST

Sam_L_Smith@i-link.net                Sam L. Smith

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 13:48:51 1995
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From: Bruce Bowling <bowling@cebaf.gov>
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Tue, 03 Oct 1995 9:41:48 EDT
In-Reply-To: <m0Wog72-0002jKC@mvarc.n-andover.ma.us>; from "adh@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu" at May 14, 85 8:17 am
X-Mailer: Elm [revision: 109.14]
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

~ the multiple spark is also mostly marketing jazz -- someone on the net
~ reverse-engineered the msd box and discovered that the sparks count
~ down as rpm increases, until it's down to just one spark above ~3500rpm.
~ 
But the average RPM range of the average highway vehicle falls well
below 3500 RPM, so there is benefit.  

Now, does MSD charge and dump a single capacitor, or is a bank
of capacitors charged up and a round-robin circuit sequentially
dumps the caps through the coil?  I think that MSD does the former.

A challenge:
With all of the bright engineers on this group, can someone
come up with a circuit which does the multiple spark concept
maybe better than MSD had implemented?

- Bruce

--
-----------------------------------------------------
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-----------------------------------------------------
               Bruce A. Bowling
  Staff Scientist - Instrumentation and Controls
 The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
    12000 Jefferson Ave - Newport News, VA 23602
                 (804) 249-7240
                bowling@cebaf.gov  
        http://devserve.cebaf.gov/~bowling
-----------------------------------------------------
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-----------------------------------------------------

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 15:26:27 1995
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Date: Tue, 03 Oct 95 16:22:48 BST
From: wturner@acorn.co.uk (William Turner)
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
Message-Id: <30716358@wturner>
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> ~ the multiple spark is also mostly marketing jazz -- someone on the net
> ~ reverse-engineered the msd box and discovered that the sparks count
> ~ down as rpm increases, until it's down to just one spark above ~3500rpm.
> ~ 
> But the average RPM range of the average highway vehicle falls well
> below 3500 RPM, so there is benefit.  

Excuse my ignorance, but do 'Splitfire' sparkplugs fall under the
heading of being multiple-spark devices? Do they spark twice at the same
time, or sequentially (as MSD systems appear to do). And do they
actually have any benefit? (obviously, racing rpm's are going to be
well in excess of 3500, but I assume multiple-sparks enhance fuel
economy at the lower RPMs).

William

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 15:40:18 1995
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Date: Tue, 03 Oct 1995 11:36:24 +0600
To: DIY_EFI
From: "Ryal D. Cox" <coxrd@WMVX-mail.lvs.dupont.com>
Subject: Edelbrock Pro-Flo EFI system
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I have been "lurking" on this and the efi332 lists for a while but have a
question for the "guru's" of EFI.  Does anyone on the DIY_EFI list have any
specific information or experience with the Edelbrock Pro-Flo system?  

I believe the Pro-Flow system is available only for the small-block Chevy
and includes a traditional manifold, 1000 cfm throttle body, fuel injectors,
fuel rails, EFI computer, ignition amplifier, fuel pump, regulator, hoses,
sensors and a wiring harness for $1779.95 (ASAP catalog).  Edelbrock claims
the system is sequential, multpoint fuel injection that has a
driver-adjustable control module (no PC needed) for ignition advance and
fuel flow control.

Any idea on what they are using for their EFI computer?  Any opinions on
performance and/or flexibility?  This type of system seems much less
expensive than the after-market tuned-port (TPI) systems.  Any reason to
choose one over another?

Thanks.

|--------|            
| |----| |     
| |\  /|                 
| | \/ |    Ryal D. Cox
| | /\ |    E-mail:  COXRD@WMVX-MAIL.LVS.DUPONT.COM
| |/  \|    
| |----| |  
|--------|  


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 15:58:17 1995
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I added a link to the 02 sensor `FAQ' and the F-body page to the 
diy_efi WWW pages (http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~fridman/diy_efi)
under the `Other related WWW servers' heading.

	RF.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
83 R100			DoD 749			Robert Fridman
71 Super Beetle					fridman@cpsc.ucalgary.ca
84 320i

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 16:32:36 1995
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wturner@acorn.co.uk (William Turner) Wrote:
| 
| > ~ the multiple spark is also mostly marketing jazz -- someone on the 
net
| > ~ reverse-engineered the msd box and discovered that the sparks count
| > ~ down as rpm increases, until it's down to just one spark above 
~3500rpm.
| > ~ 
| > But the average RPM range of the average highway vehicle falls well
| > below 3500 RPM, so there is benefit.  
| 
| Excuse my ignorance, but do 'Splitfire' sparkplugs fall under the
| heading of being multiple-spark devices? Do they spark twice at the same
| time, or sequentially (as MSD systems appear to do). And do they
| actually have any benefit? (obviously, racing rpm's are going to be
| well in excess of 3500, but I assume multiple-sparks enhance fuel
| economy at the lower RPMs).
| 
| William
| 

A splitfire plug only fires as many times as the ignition system does.  
Which means usually it fires once, unless you have an MSD or other multiple 
spark system.  The fact that the electrode is split makes no difference.  
Only one arc will form.  The only way to get simultaneous arcs would be to 
have two wires, and either two coils or a single dual output coil.  
Otherwise the arc (like humans :-) will take the path of least resistance.

-steve

Steve Ravet
sravet@bangate.compaq.com
Baby you're a genius when it comes to cooking up some chili sauce...

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 17:27:35 1995
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From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Message-Id: <199510031722.SAA02291@kastor.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 95 18:22:13 MET
In-Reply-To: <199510021707.KAA21954@cato.verity.com> from "Neville Newman" at Oct 2, 95 10:07:52 am
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<Neville Newman> wrote:
> 
> Every 99 i have ever seen is a 4-cylinder 4-stroke.  The only
> 3-cylinder 2-strokes i've seen are 96's .  When i lived in
> Massachusetts, SAABs were everywhere.  
> 
> If you know 99's to have had the 3-cylinder motor, i'd like
> to find out what years so i can fill in my SAAB "map".
> 
> If not, perhaps you could post a correction to the list.
> 
> 					-neville

I thought it was a Saab 99 they used, and I wrote that.
Never talked about any engines, cause I am not familiar with 
the Saab ones. Sorry to have caused such a confusion,

Jens


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 17:51:45 1995
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>Excuse my ignorance, but do 'Splitfire' sparkplugs fall under the
>heading of being multiple-spark devices? Do they spark twice at the same
>time, or sequentially (as MSD systems appear to do). And do they
>actually have any benefit? (obviously, racing rpm's are going to be
>well in excess of 3500, but I assume multiple-sparks enhance fuel
>economy at the lower RPMs).

>William

As I understand it, the Splitfire does not fire multiple times. It is not a 
multiple spark device in itself. However, its key advantage is supposed to
be its multiple targets. As a normal spark plug "wears" the electrode edges
become rounded and/or contaminated. The rounded edge increases the gap and 
contamination from combustion increases the resistance, both of which can
lead to a misfire. A side note to this is that is a natural phenomena that
the spark likes to jump from an edge. This can be seen on a new spark plug.
The spark will source from the edge of the source electrode rather than the
center even though the surfaces are paralell. This has been referred to as
"skin effect" the theory that electrons travel on outer surface of a wire
more so than the center. I suppose it is possible for the spark to change
which target electrode it is using in a single firing as the spark does have
a finite length. However, it would still be a single uninterrupted spark.

Additionally, I would like to thank Bruce Bowling for turning me on to the
EFI mailings. I have been on this list for about a month. I am an EE that
worked 10 years as a mechanic. I have the same list of questions that I 
posted directly to Bruce coming this way soon.


Jim Cook

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 17:51:51 1995
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Subject: Re: Ignition Book
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 1995 12:44:48 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <199510031342.JAA03086@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> from "Bruce Bowling" at Oct 3, 95 09:41:48 am
From: <cburian@uiuc.edu> (Chris Burian)
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Bruce Bowling writes:

> A challenge:
> With all of the bright engineers on this group, can someone
> come up with a circuit which does the multiple spark concept
> maybe better than MSD had implemented?

Are MSD schmatics on line anywhere?  I want to design a multi-spark CD
system.

Some of the things I've considered are:  

Can I make a multispark system by simply letting the L-C circuit (capacitor
and ign. coil) ring, or does it need to be retriggered?  (i.e. can I substitute
a triac for the SCR)  Is retriggering normally done internally by detecting
SCR shutoff and subsequent recharging,or does a timing circuit do the 
retriggering?  It looks like common CS systems recharge at 500Hz.  What are
the disadvantages of raising this frequency so that recharging happens faster
(allowing multisparks at high RPM)?  Larger instantaneous currents in the
primary side (and secondary side)?  Easier question:  what guage wire should
I use in the secondary of my step up transformer?

Re: the discussion of how low a battery voltage a CDI will work at:  in the
several schematics I've gathered of "typical" CD ignitions, the big 
functional difference has been that most units have a push-pull oscillator
connected by three wires to the primary of the transformer, and feedback for
the oscillator comes from the opposing transistor.  But in another design
the FB comes from extra windings in the transformer.  The author pointed
out that this will make the oscillator drive to maximum possible output
no matter what input voltage is.  So, the circuit is overengineered to
work at lower voltages, and applying full 14V doesn't cause excessive current
because of the limiting feedback.

My idea is to boost charge freqency to several kHz, then have the computer
start sparking at the proper crank position and continue to retrigger after
the worst case recharge interval multiple times for n degrees of crank 
rotation.  (How far should I go?  Or, considering worst case, is there a
time when it's better to not fire than fire extremely retarded?  Or just 
keep firing until the exhaust opens?  BTW, this is on a dual coil, 4-cylinder
MC engine, not a car engine with distributor, so that doesn't limit me with
worries about pre-ignition of the next cylinder.)  But a retrigger that is
independent of the initial trigger signal (i.e. the trigger is just a gate
to allow sparking to occur) would be preferable.  Any ideas on how to 
implement self-retriggering?  Comparator checking cap voltage?


Chris


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 17:54:20 1995
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Date: 3 Oct 1995 10:51:44 -0800
From: "YueMin Wong" <YueMin_Wong@fmc.com>
Subject: The EFI332 Board
To: "  EFI" <DIY_EFI>
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REGARDING                The EFI332 Board

I understand that a newer version is being worked on, but in the mean time I
have a need for a reasonably priced 332 based board for a project. Is the 0.4
design PC board still available? If so, how can I purchase one? (Blank or
stuufed, either way.) Otherwise, when is the newer version expected?


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 17:59:47 1995
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Message-Id: <199510031757.MAA06885@dclsn28.cen.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Re: Edelbrock Pro-Flo EFI system
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 1995 12:57:24 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <9510031535.AA02469@gatekeeper.es.dupont.com> from "Ryal D. Cox" at Oct 3, 95 11:36:24 am
From: <cburian@uiuc.edu> (Chris Burian)
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Ryal Cox writes:

> Any idea on what they are using for their EFI computer?  Any opinions on
> performance and/or flexibility?  This type of system seems much less
> expensive than the after-market tuned-port (TPI) systems.  Any reason to
> choose one over another?

My conversation with an Edelbrock tech guy gave me the impression they've
put a lot of effort into making the system painless and into baseline tuning
it.  It seems to be meant for higher-revving, big cam small blocks, 
considering the HP rating and the fact that it uses a single plane manifold
instead of long tuned runners, like GM factory TPI.  Some but not all of
the low-RPM disadvantages of a single-plane manifold are alleviated with
fuel injection.  I would be glad to pay $2000 for the system, but the
tech guy said it will never be make for Pontiac motors (it's not even made
for Fords or for Chevy BB's) and they refuse to sell the parts individually
because of bad experiences with their older first-gen piece-together system.
Customers were (wrongly, IMO) complaining about mechanical specifics for
their particular applications, and their own misunderstanding of A/F basics
and tuning methods.  

Re: performance:  I'll bet it kicks ass.
Re: flexibility:  Don't you provide them with a description of your engine
mods, especially cam numbers, and they send you a PROM?  Plus I think it
has a narrower range of on-the-spot tuning with a little control box.

Chris 


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 18:29:22 1995
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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Re: [Q] EFI computers on different engines
To: "diy_efi (postings)" <DIY_EFI>
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Craig writes:

> An importer of japanese engines here have piles of 2nd hand computers
> (at $US 15 each!! :-) and pumps, injectors etc. So, if I can get a 
workable
> solution with one particular type of computer that's in ready supply I 
could
> sell about 1/2 a dozen straight away (a few freinds are displaying keen
> interest in EFI).

Craig,
Who is this importer, and where are they located?
Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Tue Oct  3 18:39:16 1995
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From: dcole@austin.ibm.com (Dixon Cole)
Message-Id: <9510031831.AA14722@foules.austin.ibm.com>
Subject: Re: injector sizing
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 1995 13:31:48 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <199510010325.UAA20954@cato.verity.com> from "Neville Newman" at Sep 30, 95 08:25:34 pm
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> 
> Jonathan R. Lusky writes:
> > Neville Newman writes:
> > > Camden Superchargers, in Dallas, i believe
> > Last time i checked, Camden is in Austin, TX on Breaker Ln.
> > 1-512-555-1212

Camden Industries, Inc.
401 E. Braker Lane
Austin, TX 78753
(512) 339-4772

Save you the call to information!

-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dixon Cole - dcole@austin.ibm.com     IBM RISC/System 6000 Division, Austin, TX
(512) 838-8971, T.L. 678-8971         Level 3 Support

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 01:15:47 1995
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From: Craig Pugsley <c.pugsley@trl.telstra.com.au>
Message-Id: <199510040025.KAA23223@shiva.trl.OZ.AU>
Subject: Re: [Q] EFI computers on different engines
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 10:25:44 +1000 (EST)
In-Reply-To: <30717EBC@gismtpgate.gi.com> from "Zublin, Bryan" at Oct 3, 95 11:20:00 am
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> Craig writes:
> 
> > An importer of japanese engines here have piles of 2nd hand computers
> > (at $US 15 each!! :-) and pumps, injectors etc. So, if I can get a 
> workable
> > solution with one particular type of computer that's in ready supply I 
> could
> > sell about 1/2 a dozen straight away (a few freinds are displaying keen
> > interest in EFI).
> 
> Craig,
> Who is this importer, and where are they located?
> Bryan Zublin
> bzublin@gi.com
> 

It's a group called 'East Keilor Wreckers' located in Melboure,
Australia. They have a guy in Japan who scours the wrecking yards to buy
engines and front cuts of cars, literally brought back in container
loads. Probably not worth the effort for you to get parts from
here-source locally if possible. I can dig up ph/fax#s if you really
need them.

Craig.

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 01:27:38 1995
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	From: Bruce Bowling <bowling@cebaf.gov>
	
	A challenge:
	With all of the bright engineers on this group, can someone
	come up with a circuit which does the multiple spark concept
	maybe better than MSD had implemented?

should be easy with a coil-per-cylinder approach...
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 01:37:45 1995
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Date: Wed, 04 Oct 1995 09:32:46 +0800
From: Danny Wallace <WALLAD@devetwa.edu.au>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject:  Splitfire plugs (was Ig. Book)
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Steve Ravet writes:
>The fact that the electrode is split makes no difference.
>Only one arc will form.  The only way to get simultaneous
>arcs would be to  have two wires, and either two coils or a
>single dual output coil.   Otherwise the arc (like humans :-)
>will take the path of least resistance.

Steve,
In an attempt to gain vital (if only minute) increments in HP I
tried a set of these plugs in my Formula Vee (Aussie version).  I
didn't have two wires/coils or a dual output coil.
As I expected, I was not knocked over by any performance
increase.  The (race) circuit we tested on was about 3 km long
with 13 turns.  I would have thought the plugs were good for a
few tenths at least over that distance. 
We were unable to measure any difference in lap times.  Thats not
to say there were none, just that we couldn't measure any due to
other factors - eg driver inconsistency, lapped cars etc.  After
using the plugs I decided to pull one out and run the motor with
the plug resting on the crankase.  To my amazement the arc
occasionally DID fire simultaneously to both "sides" of the
elctrode - forming a bright "V".  I saw it with my own eyes! 
What puzzled me slightly though, was the inconsistency with which
it occurred, about 1 in 10 or 20.  I also wondered if this arcing
was only occuring at 1 in 10, with motor idleing (best case for
coil energy build up), then when running with higher revs and
cylinder turbulence, what would happen then?

One of these days I pland to build an ignition test bench.  Any
body else done this ?

Still wondering...
Danny Wallace
wallad@devetwa.edu.au


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 04:38:03 1995
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Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 00:31:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Bob Valentine <ravalent@liii.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Edelbrock Pro-Flo EFI system
In-Reply-To: <199510031757.MAA06885@dclsn28.cen.uiuc.edu>
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> Re: flexibility:  Don't you provide them with a description of your engine
> mods, especially cam numbers, and they send you a PROM?  Plus I think it
> has a narrower range of on-the-spot tuning with a little control box.

    I don't have hard fact on this, but I do recall hearing the same 
thing - you give them specs, they burn you a rom.  I have no problem with 
that, as long as they supply you with the proper information to burn your 
own, in the event that you make changes that can't be compensated for by 
adjusting the box.   Otherwise, something tells me that you'd find 
yourself paying $$$ everytime you need a new fuel map.

    Does the new Holley system also control spark?

                     -->   Bob Valentine  <--  
                    --> ravalent@liii.com  <--
        "Experience varies directly with equipment ruined"


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 05:35:58 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Splitfire plugs (was Ig. Book)
To: DIY_EFI
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

You wrote: 
>
>Steve Ravet writes:
>>The fact that the electrode is split makes no difference.
>>Only one arc will form.  The only way to get simultaneous
>>arcs would be to  have two wires, and either two coils or a
>>single dual output coil.   Otherwise the arc (like humans :-)
>>will take the path of least resistance.
>
>Steve,
>In an attempt to gain vital (if only minute) increments in HP I
>tried a set of these plugs in my Formula Vee (Aussie version).  I
>didn't have two wires/coils or a dual output coil.
>As I expected, I was not knocked over by any performance
>increase.  The (race) circuit we tested on was about 3 km long
>with 13 turns.  I would have thought the plugs were good for a
>few tenths at least over that distance. 
>We were unable to measure any difference in lap times.  Thats not
>to say there were none, just that we couldn't measure any due to
>other factors - eg driver inconsistency, lapped cars etc.  After
>using the plugs I decided to pull one out and run the motor with
>the plug resting on the crankase.  To my amazement the arc
>occasionally DID fire simultaneously to both "sides" of the
>elctrode - forming a bright "V".  I saw it with my own eyes! 
>What puzzled me slightly though, was the inconsistency with which
>it occurred, about 1 in 10 or 20.  I also wondered if this arcing
>was only occuring at 1 in 10, with motor idleing (best case for
>coil energy build up), then when running with higher revs and
>cylinder turbulence, what would happen then?
>
>One of these days I pland to build an ignition test bench.  Any
>body else done this ?
>
>Still wondering...
>Danny Wallace
>wallad@devetwa.edu.au
>
>
 AS FAR AS I AM CONCERNED  AFRESH SET OF  THE PROPER "CHAMPION"OR 
EQUIVILENT PLUGS WILL WORK JUST  AS WELL .
THE ONLY ONES THAT SEEM KIND OF INTERESTING ARE THE NEW BOSCH PLATINUM
FINE WIRE TYPE BUT I KNOW SOMEONE WHO USED A SET BUT HAD CARBON
FOWLING PROBLEMS ON AN OVERLY RICH ENGINE  ALSO A ENGINEER FRIEND
OF MINE SUGGESTS REPLACING INSTED OF CLEANING BECAUSE OF THE 
POSSIBILITY OF INSULATOR CRACKING


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 12:26:38 1995
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From: "Sam L. Smith" <Sam.L.Smith@i-link.net>
Organization:  SamWise InfoSystems
To: DIY_EFI
Date:          Wed, 4 Oct 1995 07:20:11 -6000
Subject:       Bosch Platinum Plugs
Priority: normal
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I have used Bosch Platinim plugs for a number of years in a number of 
different engines, and have noted subjective HP increase and very 
long life (never felt compelled to change or even examine plugs).

This would be a glowing review except...

Once in my wife's 360 C.I.D. Ramcharger, she came home complaining of 
a miss and loud popping sound under the hood.  On examination, I 
noticed that one of the Bosch Platinum plugs had a leak between the 
insulator and the body.  When attempting to remove the plug for 
replacement, the body twisted off at the top of the threads, leaving 
me with the insulator and hex part of the plug body in my hand!  
Excessive torque was not to blame here; the body twisted off very 
easily.
  
Although this could have been a *major* bummer, I was able to remove 
the remainder of the shell with a large 'easy-out' and avoided having 
to disassemble the engine.  

Although I love the performance of these plugs, I am hesitant to use 
them again.

Has anyone else had a similar experience with Bosch Platinum (or 
other brands, for that matter)?

Sam

-----
"When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro." - HST

Sam_L_Smith@i-link.net                Sam L. Smith

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 12:30:37 1995
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	*** KAIWAN Internet Access ***
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 05:30:04 -0700 (PDT)
From: Black Feather Electronics <douglas@kaiwan.com>
To: Robert Gallant <gallant@oasys.dt.navy.mil>
cc: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Modifing O2 output
In-Reply-To: <9509271432.AA28955@oasys.dt.navy.mil>
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On Wed, 27 Sep 1995, Robert Gallant wrote:

> I need to modify the output of my O2 sensor (specifically I need to drop the 
> voltage my computer sees from the sensor).

I called around to many places to find out what the output is on most O2 
sensors and it seems they are mostly 0 to 1 volt output.

The way to test this is to take your sensor, put it into a vice and fire 
up your propane torch.

The sensor must get hot before it puts out proper voltage, but you will 
find when you put the torch all the way up to the sensor (making it full 
of propane) there will be no oxygen there so it will read as if there was 
none.

Interesting what you can come up with in your garage sometimes!

Please don't use your cutting / welding torch on it, the thing isn't 
superman. Notice I said PROPANE.

The best way to change the voltage to a lower voltage would be a resistor 
devider, using 100K or 50K.

If you are going to use a op amp, you need to watch out for NOISE being 
amplified or picked up by the op amp.

Suggest you connect a 1 uf or 10 uf cap like this....


SENSOR ----------RESISTOR---------------------OPAMP INPUT>>>>
                                   |
                               10 uf CAP
                                   |
                                 -----
                                  ---
                                   -

This should filter out any noise, but you have to pick a CAP that will 
allow your computer to read changes within the time you want (meaning a 
10 uf CAP will show changes slower than a 1 uf).

You can also get a pretty good reading in your driveway, at idle. When 
you rev up the car, pumping on the pedal to make it real rich, the 
reading changes quite a bit. Plus you can run a extension cord out to 
your scope! You will also get to see the noise your circuit is picking up.

The people next door might think you are a bit strange, but arn't we all?

Some of these stupid sensors are only one wire, and depend on a chassis 
ground for a return. I added my own ground wire for sense as near the 
sensor as I could.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Black Feather Electronics       |  Home of the U-HC11 Microcontroller
645 Temple 7B                   |  Boards, Kits and other 68HC11 stuff
Long Beach  California  90814   |  Email for info or visit the www page
Info & Orders: (800) 526-3717   |  InterNet: BFE <douglas@kaiwan.com>
Tech Support:  (310) 434-5641   |  Web: "http://www.kaiwan.com/~douglas"


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 13:11:53 1995
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From: ducharme@eiss1.psf.ge.com
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To: diy_efi
Subject: Hi Folks
Sender: owner-diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

I'm an very non-traditional EE student and am starting work on my thesis project
which will be a microcontroller-based EFI for aircraft(!) use.  My prototype
subject is a 3 1/2 HP Briggs & Stratton in a test stand that may find its way
into a radio controlled airframe if all goes exceedingly well, but for now I
will be concentrating on characterizing the fuel map of the engine and 
developing a hardware configuration for EFI.  Does anyone have any 
recommendations for pre-packaged microcontroller boards, along with sources? 

Cliff Ducharme

       \ 
_______|0|_______    "Wing and a prayer..."
      b  \d

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 13:11:54 1995
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From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Message-Id: <199510041308.OAA05792@kastor.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 95 14:08:05 MET
In-Reply-To: <9510041222.AA30335@echo.i-link.net> from "Sam L. Smith" at Oct 4, 95 07:20:11 am
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

<Sam L. Smith> wrote:
> 
> I have used Bosch Platinim plugs for a number of years in a number of 
> different engines, and have noted subjective HP increase and very 
> long life (never felt compelled to change or even examine plugs).
> 
> This would be a glowing review except...
> 
> Once in my wife's 360 C.I.D. Ramcharger, she came home complaining of 
> a miss and loud popping sound under the hood.  On examination, I 
> noticed that one of the Bosch Platinum plugs had a leak between the 
> insulator and the body.  When attempting to remove the plug for 
> replacement, the body twisted off at the top of the threads, leaving 
> me with the insulator and hex part of the plug body in my hand!  
> Excessive torque was not to blame here; the body twisted off very 
> easily.
>   
> Although this could have been a *major* bummer, I was able to remove 
> the remainder of the shell with a large 'easy-out' and avoided having 
> to disassemble the engine.  
> 
> Although I love the performance of these plugs, I am hesitant to use 
> them again.
> 
> Has anyone else had a similar experience with Bosch Platinum (or 
> other brands, for that matter)?
> 
> Sam
> 
> -----
> "When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro." - HST
> 
> Sam_L_Smith@i-link.net                Sam L. Smith
> 

My engine,(VW, 1.3l, 83kW, G-Lader) needs the Bosch W5DP0, platinum
spark plugs (indicated by the "P") with a special form of electrodes
(as indicated by the "0", zero, not "oh"). After 40000km, I buyed
a new set (4x30DM), removed the old plugs and ... looked a bit puzzled.
There was no difference between the new and the old plugs. 
This was exactly what the Bosch guy who sold me the spark plugs had
told me (I did not believe it). From what he said, the Platinums last
VERY long, esp. those zero-types with the special electrodes. He said
the plugs are mostly used in racing engines and was surprised to find 
them in a samll, very common car.
There was a discussion in "rec.autos.makers.vw.watercooled". All postings
said the same: Platinums last long (if not forever) and in some cases help 
you fixing idle problems. Some people said they got increased hp, but
that was a minority. 
Any other experiences?

Jens.


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 14:04:30 1995
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Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 09:52:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Graydon D. Stuckey" <graydon@apollo.gmi.edu>
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Cc: ravelent@liii.com
Subject: Holley Projection
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On Wed, 4 Oct 1995, Bob Valentine wrote:

> adjusting the box.   Otherwise, something tells me that you'd find 
> yourself paying $$$ everytime you need a new fuel map.
> 
>     Does the new Holley system also control spark?
> 
>                      -->   Bob Valentine  <--  
>                     --> ravalent@liii.com  <--
>         "Experience varies directly with equipment ruined"
Bob,

	Although I haven't used the Holley system exactly, I do know the 
guys that developed it for Holley (the NEW digital system that is) and I 
am pretty sure (99.9%) it has ignition capability.  I do know that the 
ECU is very similar to the one I am using, the software is very good, 
approaching the levels of OEM automakers systems.

	BTW, I appreciate your quote.  It is very true!:-)

Later,											
Graydon D. Stuckey										
graydon@apollo.gmi.edu								
'86 Audi 5000 CS Turbo Quattro, GDS Racing Stage II				
'83 Mazda RX7 w/13B, GDS Racing Stage 58474


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 15:05:13 1995
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From: "Robert Gallant"  <gallant@oasys.dt.navy.mil>
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In message <Pine.SOL.3.91.951004094730.8769C-100000@apollo>  writes:
> On Wed, 4 Oct 1995, Bob Valentine wrote:
> 
> > adjusting the box.   Otherwise, something tells me that you'd find 
> > yourself paying $$$ everytime you need a new fuel map.
> > 
> >     Does the new Holley system also control spark?

> 	Although I haven't used the Holley system exactly, I do know the 
> guys that developed it for Holley (the NEW digital system that is) and I 
> am pretty sure (99.9%) it has ignition capability.  I do know that the 
> ECU is very similar to the one I am using, the software is very good, 
> approaching the levels of OEM automakers systems.

I missed Bob's question, but:

You can adjust the maps for injector volume, acceleration compensation, 
temperature compensation, O2 compensation, and spark advance.  Its not the 
easiest thing to do.  There are a lot of data points.

The wire harness is designed to plug into a Ford or GM distributor

Later

Rob
gallant@oasys.dt.navy.mil


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 15:27:48 1995
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From: jcook@apt.com (Jim Cook)
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To: DIY_EFI
Subject: RE>Platinum Plugs
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-Arthur Okin ? writes:
-THE ONLY ONES THAT SEEM KIND OF INTERESTING ARE THE NEW BOSCH PLATINUM
-FINE WIRE TYPE BUT I KNOW SOMEONE WHO USED A SET BUT HAD CARBON
-FOWLING PROBLEMS ON AN OVERLY RICH ENGINE  ALSO A ENGINEER FRIEND
-OF MINE SUGGESTS REPLACING INSTED OF CLEANING BECAUSE OF THE 
-POSSIBILITY OF INSULATOR CRACKING

>Jens writes:
>There was no difference between the new and the old plugs. 
>This was exactly what the Bosch guy who sold me the spark plugs had
>told me (I did not believe it). From what he said, the Platinums last
>VERY long, esp. those zero-types with the special electrodes. He said
>the plugs are mostly used in racing engines and was surprised to find 
>them in a samll, very common car.

I have not had a dirt bike in about 8 years. But at that time the motocross
bikes came with platinum plugs. These had the very thin electode that has
been discussed. I was suprised to hear someone say that they had bad luck
with them fouling more than standard plugs. As I understand it, they were
used in dirt bikes because they resist oil and carbon fouling (two stroke).
One of the reasons for this is supposed to be that there is less parallel
surface between electrodes for deposits to accumulate or get lodged in. A
second reason may also be that the harder electrode tends to resist wear
keep a sharp edge for the spark to jump from. This may be more evident in 
a comparison on aging plugs.

Jim Cook

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 15:28:53 1995
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From: "Lajber Zoltan  JHT" <LAJBI@ENG.GAU.HU>
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 16:43:44 GMT+1
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
Priority: normal
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 "Sam L. Smith" <Sam.L.Smith@i-link.net> wrote:

> I have used Bosch Platinim plugs for a number of years in a number of 
> different engines, and have noted subjective HP increase and very 
It's same for me

> Has anyone else had a similar experience with Bosch Platinum (or 
> other brands, for that matter)?
Not exactly same problem, but when I began to use unleaded fuel in Yamaha 
YZ250, I have to "change" the prefered brand of spark plugs.

Here, in Europe, several kind of engines and spark plug marks, but, as I see:
Each engine prefer that brad of spark plug, which came from same counrty.
For example:
Champion - Franche ( Peugeot, Citroen)
Bosch  - Germany
Magnetti-Marelli - Fiat, and Lada from russian, because it's design come 
from Italy.
Or, even more, the former estern block car, the famous Trabant 
"like"
"Isolator". If I change it to something else, it will be change the lifetime 
or/and power. For example, with Bosch, better performance in low speed, but 
very short lifetime!


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 19:07:44 1995
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From: Brad_Miller@so.xerox.com
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Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 10:42:57 PDT
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Fuel injection questions - -
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Does anyone know for sure how Chryslers are on injection setup?  Do 
they do a batch fire?  Is the setup called MPI or SPFI?   Multipoint 
vs. Sequential Point?  Could someone explain differences?  I think I've 
got the definitions nailed down - but I want to be sure . . . .

Thanks in advance for the info!

Bradley Miller
Xerox Business Services, Kansas City
Midwest Shelby Dodge Automobile Club Inc.
Email: Brad_Miller@so.xerox.com
Alternate: Brad2dbone@aol.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 19:27:14 1995
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From: gt0035b@prism.gatech.edu (Henry David Sommer)
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Subject: Re: ion gap sensor
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 15:21:35 -0400 (EDT)
In-Reply-To: <199510030201.VAA20165@eagle.natinst.com> from "Mike Klopfer" at Oct 2, 95 09:01:35 pm
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Mike Klopfer wrote
> 
> 
> There was a recent post about measuring the spark current to get information
> on the combustion. There was some good discussion on this in march of this
> year and the following recent references were given by r.dingli@ee.mu.oz.au

	The latest edition of Automtive Engineering, the publication of
SAE, also has an article. I haven't read it yet but it looks good.

Henry Sommer | gt0035b@prism.gatech.edu | Georgia Institute of Technology
Year  88 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | ME and MATE | FSAE since 92 
car # 66 | 23 | 23 | 42 | 42 | 99 | 99 | ?  | Maintainer of FSAE mailing list
place 11 |  2 |  6 | 23 |  3 |  6 | 11 | ?  | FSAE-request@list.gatech.edu

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 23:02:15 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
To: DIY_EFI
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You wrote: 
>
>I have used Bosch Platinim plugs for a number of years in a number of 
>different engines, and have noted subjective HP increase and very 
>long life (never felt compelled to change or even examine plugs).
>
>This would be a glowing review except...
>
>Once in my wife's 360 C.I.D. Ramcharger, she came home complaining of 
>a miss and loud popping sound under the hood.  On examination, I 
>noticed that one of the Bosch Platinum plugs had a leak between the 
>insulator and the body.  When attempting to remove the plug for 
>replacement, the body twisted off at the top of the threads, leaving 
>me with the insulator and hex part of the plug body in my hand!  
>Excessive torque was not to blame here; the body twisted off very 
>easily.
>  
>Although this could have been a *major* bummer, I was able to remove 
>the remainder of the shell with a large 'easy-out' and avoided having 
>to disassemble the engine.  
>
>Although I love the performance of these plugs, I am hesitant to use 
>them again.
>
>Has anyone else had a similar experience with Bosch Platinum (or 
>other brands, for that matter)?
>
>Sam
>
>-----
>"When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro." - HST
>
>Sam_L_Smith@i-link.net                Sam L. Smith
>
clean the spark plug hole with a "chasing tap" and use alittle 
antiseize compound on the new plug threads 

champion claims that their plugs have an antiseize coating


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Wed Oct  4 23:10:28 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: RE>Platinum Plugs
To: DIY_EFI
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

You wrote: 
>
>
>-Arthur Okin ? writes:
>-THE ONLY ONES THAT SEEM KIND OF INTERESTING ARE THE NEW BOSCH 
PLATINUM
>-FINE WIRE TYPE BUT I KNOW SOMEONE WHO USED A SET BUT HAD CARBON
>-FOWLING PROBLEMS ON AN OVERLY RICH ENGINE  ALSO A ENGINEER FRIEND
>-OF MINE SUGGESTS REPLACING INSTED OF CLEANING BECAUSE OF THE 
>-POSSIBILITY OF INSULATOR CRACKING
>
>>Jens writes:
>>There was no difference between the new and the old plugs. 
>>This was exactly what the Bosch guy who sold me the spark plugs had
>>told me (I did not believe it). From what he said, the Platinums last
>>VERY long, esp. those zero-types with the special electrodes. He said
>>the plugs are mostly used in racing engines and was surprised to find 

>>them in a samll, very common car.
>
>I have not had a dirt bike in about 8 years. But at that time the 
motocross
>bikes came with platinum plugs. These had the very thin electode that 
has
>been discussed. I was suprised to hear someone say that they had bad 
luck
>with them fouling more than standard plugs. As I understand it, they 
were
>used in dirt bikes because they resist oil and carbon fouling (two 
stroke).
>One of the reasons for this is supposed to be that there is less 
parallel
>surface between electrodes for deposits to accumulate or get lodged 
in. A
>second reason may also be that the harder electrode tends to resist 
wear
>keep a sharp edge for the spark to jump from. This may be more evident 
in 
>a comparison on aging plugs.
>
>Jim Cook
>
the no cleaning goes for all types of automotive plugs
ithink  what happened was that the insulator was fouled with carbon.
i bet those bosch plug will go 100000 miles 
in a properly operating engine running on unleaded fuel
propane or nat gas even longer


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 02:22:03 1995
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Message-Id: <Chameleon.951004201758.jac@>
Date: Wed,  4 Oct 95 19:52:35 PDT
From: jac@wave.sheridan.wy.us (john carroll)
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Reply to Cilff Ducharme  [not private]
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Cliff Ducharme and any one else

Cliff, I could not seem to make your Email address work and am replying 
here.

I have built a number of sucessful aircraft ignition systems and am about 
to build an injection system.  Aircraft  concerns and needs are so 
different from the others on DIY_EFI that it is a different world.  It is 
reassuring to see that someone else is concerned with aircraft engines.

The system is base on GM DIS hardware (distrbutorless ignition 
system).  I figure that if GM will build a base and coil system that works 
and controls so nicely that there is little reason to reinvent that part of the 
system.  The GM hardware uses a bunch of power, but works down to 9V 
or less.  This allows the cars to start on cold mornings when the system 
voltage is pulled down from heavy cranking.

My controller based on Signetics' 8X550 processor.  This 8031 
derivitive is plenty fast and has sufficient AD input to process every input 
I care about.  I use a Harris automotive part in the controller to watch for 
pre igniton and dentonation.

The the system uses a timing disk mounted behind the prop for timing.  I 
keep one magneto functional for a backup.  At present spark timing is a 
calculated function of  MAP and RPM.  There is no mapping and the 
calculations can be modified easily.  The timing is dropped back if 
preignition is sensed and all advance drops out if the engine over revs.

Various operational parameters are output to a four line by 20 character 
LCD.  The data is also continuously dumped to a serial port.  Several 
reassignable buttons can be used to change the operation in service.

This system would great job of running your lawn mower.  The GM 
module will work fine with just one coil installed.  You could get to work on 
the fuel injection and forget the ignition and controller development.

I have some ideas, developed over a considerable period of time, about 
how an aircraft efi should work.  I really want to work on the injection 
system but find myself short of time. 

 
Would you want or appreciate more discussion? 
What are your goals for the system your are developing?
What are your hardware and software skills?
What test facility do you have available?

I am an EE, '70 with too much to do.  I am good at prototypes and 
machine work.  I have experimental catagory aircraft available for testing 
and my friends are also pilots who have become sympathetic to testing  
equipment.

I prefer 8031 type controllers.  My software is a set of assembler 
modules tied together with compiled basic for the IO to the LCD and 
serial port.  Ignition management takes up about 15 percent of the 
controllers time at 3000 rpm.  The controller is running at 12E6 now.  It 
could be pushed to 16 MHz easily.

John Carroll
307 674-8469
fax   674-4510




--UAA25219.812858672/wave.sheridan.wy.us--




From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 02:49:11 1995
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Apparently-From: mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
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	From: Jens Knickmeyer <knick@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de>

	There was a discussion in "rec.autos.makers.vw.watercooled". All postings
	said the same: Platinums last long (if not forever) and in some cases help 
	you fixing idle problems. Some people said they got increased hp, but
	that was a minority. 
	Any other experiences?

-way- back in the '60s, my dad put bosch platinums in his saab 96
[over $2 each back then!] and found the car was more tolerant of
low-octane fuel.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 02:49:28 1995
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From: genesis!mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
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Apparently-From: mvarc!an.bradford.ma.us!adh
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: RE>Platinum Plugs
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	From: jcook@apt.com (Jim Cook)

	I have not had a dirt bike in about 8 years. But at that time the
	motocross bikes came with platinum plugs. These had the very thin
	electode that has been discussed. I was suprised to hear  someone
	say  that  they had bad luck with them fouling more than standard
	plugs. As I understand it, they were used in dirt  bikes  because
	they  resist  oil  and  carbon  fouling  (two stroke). One of the
	reasons for this is supposed to be that there  is  less  parallel
	surface  between  electrodes  for  deposits  to accumulate or get
	lodged in. A second reason may also be that the harder  electrode
	tends  to  resist  wear  keep  a sharp edge for the spark to jump
	from. This may be more evident in a comparison on aging plugs.

platinum has the highest melting point of any element, so the
electrode can run hotter than ordinary plugs.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Andrew Hay
	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of thermodynamics
adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedinger

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 06:03:30 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: RE>Platinum Plugs
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You wrote: 
>
>	From: jcook@apt.com (Jim Cook)
>
>	I have not had a dirt bike in about 8 years. But at that time the
>	motocross bikes came with platinum plugs. These had the very thin
>	electode that has been discussed. I was suprised to hear  someone
>	say  that  they had bad luck with them fouling more than standard
>	plugs. As I understand it, they were used in dirt  bikes  because
>	they  resist  oil  and  carbon  fouling  (two stroke). One of the
>	reasons for this is supposed to be that there  is  less  parallel
>	surface  between  electrodes  for  deposits  to accumulate or get
>	lodged in. A second reason may also be that the harder  electrode
>	tends  to  resist  wear  keep  a sharp edge for the spark to jump
>	from. This may be more evident in a comparison on aging plugs.
>
>platinum has the highest melting point of any element, so the
>electrode can run hotter than ordinary plugs.
>_______________________________________________________________________
________
>Andrew Hay
>	    LIFE, n: A phenomenon that resists the second law of 
thermodynamics
>adh@an.bradford.ma.us						---Schroedi
nger
>
i didnot say more often than standard plugs 

acually the car owner decided to use cheaper throw away types
to save money when they did foul  the bosch plugs are about 3 times
the price of  a standard oem type plug "ie champion,ac ,autolite"


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 06:11:54 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Reply to Cilff Ducharme  [not private]
To: DIY_EFI
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

You wrote: 
>
>Cliff Ducharme and any one else
>
>Cliff, I could not seem to make your Email address work and am 
replying 
>here.
>
>I have built a number of sucessful aircraft ignition systems and am 
about 
>to build an injection system.  Aircraft  concerns and needs are so 
>different from the others on DIY_EFI that it is a different world.  It 
is 
>reassuring to see that someone else is concerned with aircraft 
engines.
>
>The system is base on GM DIS hardware (distrbutorless ignition 
>system).  I figure that if GM will build a base and coil system that 
works 
>and controls so nicely that there is little reason to reinvent that 
part of the 
>system.  The GM hardware uses a bunch of power, but works down to 9V 
>or less.  This allows the cars to start on cold mornings when the 
system 
>voltage is pulled down from heavy cranking.
>
>My controller based on Signetics' 8X550 processor.  This 8031 
>derivitive is plenty fast and has sufficient AD input to process every 
input 
>I care about.  I use a Harris automotive part in the controller to 
watch for 
>pre igniton and dentonation.
>
>The the system uses a timing disk mounted behind the prop for timing.  
I 
>keep one magneto functional for a backup.  At present spark timing is 
a 
>calculated function of  MAP and RPM.  There is no mapping and the 
>calculations can be modified easily.  The timing is dropped back if 
>preignition is sensed and all advance drops out if the engine over 
revs.
>
>Various operational parameters are output to a four line by 20 
character 
>LCD.  The data is also continuously dumped to a serial port.  Several 
>reassignable buttons can be used to change the operation in service.
>
>This system would great job of running your lawn mower.  The GM 
>module will work fine with just one coil installed.  You could get to 
work on 
>the fuel injection and forget the ignition and controller development.
>
>I have some ideas, developed over a considerable period of time, about 

>how an aircraft efi should work.  I really want to work on the 
injection 
>system but find myself short of time. 
>
> 
>Would you want or appreciate more discussion? 
>What are your goals for the system your are developing?
>What are your hardware and software skills?
>What test facility do you have available?
>
>I am an EE, '70 with too much to do.  I am good at prototypes and 
>machine work.  I have experimental catagory aircraft available for 
testing 
>and my friends are also pilots who have become sympathetic to testing  

>equipment.
>
>I prefer 8031 type controllers.  My software is a set of assembler 
>modules tied together with compiled basic for the IO to the LCD and 
>serial port.  Ignition management takes up about 15 percent of the 
>controllers time at 3000 rpm.  The controller is running at 12E6 now.  
It 
>could be pushed to 16 MHz easily.
>
>John Carroll
>307 674-8469
>fax   674-4510
>
>
>
>
>--UAA25219.812858672/wave.sheridan.wy.us--
>
>
>
>
i use to be involved with light planes and are familar with
bendix type magneto ignition "ie impulse couplings ,starting vibrators
dual ignition and etc  

a company called slick magneto tried to certify a cap discharge
electronic system and was turned down by the faa

also the popular bendix mechanical fuel injection system always 
requires injector cleaning and the fuel servo costs a fortune
to overhaul carbs require little maint but are prone to venturi
icing   "one big barrel"
the faa seems to like things that donot require electrical power to run
that are critical to powerplant operation but there should be no probs
on an experimental cat. air craft
thats it for now  

ps. iam finished discussing spark plugs until asked for info
bye


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 08:49:48 1995
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Date: Thu, 5 Oct 95 13:17:39 EST
From: Jorgen Othman <jorgeno@rd.scitec.com.au>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Ignition Book
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<Neville Newman> wrote:
> 
> Even more
> amazing was the followup shock-factor demonstration, where they fed the
> same engine's inlet from the tailpipe of a running SAAB 96? 2-cycle
> motor.  The output was still within CA-legal emmissions limits.

Since there still seems to be confusion about which SAAB this really was:
I saw a video of the above demo at the SAAB stand at a motor show, the
two-stroke SAAB being used was a SAAB 92.

Regards,

Jorgen Othman
jorgeno@rd.scitec.com.au

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 09:35:06 1995
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From: Craig Pugsley <c.pugsley@trl.telstra.com.au>
Message-Id: <199510050806.SAA28881@shiva.trl.OZ.AU>
Subject: O2 sensors A/F vs voltage..
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 1995 18:06:12 +1000 (EST)
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Hi there,

Has anyone got some data on how the voltage of an O2 sensor maps to the
A/F ratio (presuming it's fully warmed up).. I've read about 5 million
pages on O2 sensors but can't even dig up a rough approximation of what
the data points on a classic O2 curve mean, or are they simply not
accurate enough to be read in this fashion?

Failing that, when I get a chance I'll convince the local dyno place to
let me measure the O2 sensor voltages VS their hi tech professional
emissions gear..

Cheers,
Craig.

PS I found a good cheap PC paralell port <--> real world interface kit..
~$35 US, 10 analog inputs 2 analog outputs 10 digital outputs (no
digital inputs), all driven by supplied-with-dos-5 Qbasic.

I'm using it to simulate some inputs for my analog ECU hack project.

I can supply details if there's any interest.

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 12:01:46 1995
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From: ducharme@eiss1.psf.ge.com
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To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Reply to Cilff Ducharme  [not private]
Cc: jac@wave.sheridan.wy.us
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John,
   
Your use of my email address did work!  I thought I might be an odd sock on the
DIY_EFI post, but apparently not as there are others out there as well.

Currently, I'm pursuing the aircraft EFI as a thesis project, but in the future,
I'm considering the possibility of building either a homebuilt or ultralight.

The system that I'll be prototyping will probably incorporate some redundancy,
either by dual parallel controllers or a master/slave arrangement with failover.
Whether or not I will ever get to a mature configuration is anybody's guess.

As far as skills are concerned, I am an accomplished machinist, have operated,
designed and built test facilities for engines and transmissions, have several
years experience as a software developer, and 0 cockpit hours, although I've
flown RC for a dozen years and have designed and built scores of models. 

As far as test facilities are concerned, my garage is it for now, although if
I were to get into it further, a dyno stand would be the next step ( just takes
time and $$, I have the skills to put it together).  The next logical prototype
would be a VW or Rotax 912, although the Subaru is gaining popularity, and some
guy even converted a Yamaha Virago motocycle engine (Kitplanes 10/95). 

Cliff Ducharme 

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 13:19:06 1995
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From: dmorrill%spf.dnet@gpo.nsc.com (DAVE MORRILL HPL DESIGN ENG 207-775-8574)
To: "diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu"%GPO.dnet@gpo.nsc.com
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Subject: Inexpensive I/O board
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Craig,
	I am interested in the PC parallel port i/o board that you mentioned. 
Where did you get it? 

Thanks,
	Dave.
	

From:	GPO::"owner-diy_efi-outgoing@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu"  5-OCT-1995 06:14:01.68
To:	DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
CC:	
Subj:	O2 sensors A/F vs voltage..

Hi there,

Has anyone got some data on how the voltage of an O2 sensor maps to the
A/F ratio (presuming it's fully warmed up).. I've read about 5 million
pages on O2 sensors but can't even dig up a rough approximation of what
the data points on a classic O2 curve mean, or are they simply not
accurate enough to be read in this fashion?

Failing that, when I get a chance I'll convince the local dyno place to
let me measure the O2 sensor voltages VS their hi tech professional
emissions gear..

Cheers,
Craig.

PS I found a good cheap PC paralell port <--> real world interface kit..
~$35 US, 10 analog inputs 2 analog outputs 10 digital outputs (no
digital inputs), all driven by supplied-with-dos-5 Qbasic.

I'm using it to simulate some inputs for my analog ECU hack project.

I can supply details if there's any interest.

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 14:14:07 1995
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From: Andre Roy <ANDRE@EINSTEIN.UNIPISSING.CA>
To: DIY_EFI <diy_efi>
Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
Date: Thu, 05 Oct 95 10:00:00 PDT
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

> From: Brad_Miller@So.Xerox.com
> Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 10:42:57 PDT
> To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Fuel injection questions - -
>
> Does anyone know for sure how Chryslers are on injection setup?  Do
> they do a batch fire?  Is the setup called MPI or SPFI?   Multipoint
> vs. Sequential Point?  Could someone explain differences?  I think I've
> got the definitions nailed down - but I want to be sure . . . .
>
MPI ( Multi Port Injection) has one (or more) injector for each cylinder
    The injectors fire in unison. The disadvantage is that there can be
    a bit of fuel puddling (like on a carb) because air only flows while
    the intake valv is open. The rest of the (admittadly short) time, the
    air in the intake runner is not moving.

SPFI Sequential Point Fiel Injection (there are other acronyms, no doubt)
   Same as above, but the injector for a particular cylinder only fires
   when the intake valve is open (or just before) the rest of the time
   there is just stationary air with no fuel in the intake runner.
   Advantage, no fuel puddling. Disadvantage, slightly more complicated
   control strategies.

I'm pretty sure thats what the differences are.

Andre Roy
North Bay, Ontario



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> From: Andre Roy <ANDRE@einstein.unipissing.ca>

> MPI ( Multi Port Injection) has one (or more) injector for each cylinder
>     The injectors fire in unison. The disadvantage is that there can be
>     a bit of fuel puddling (like on a carb) because air only flows while
>     the intake valv is open. The rest of the (admittadly short) time, the
>     air in the intake runner is not moving.
> 
> SPFI Sequential Point Fiel Injection (there are other acronyms, no doubt)
>    Same as above, but the injector for a particular cylinder only fires
>    when the intake valve is open (or just before) the rest of the time
>    there is just stationary air with no fuel in the intake runner.
>    Advantage, no fuel puddling. Disadvantage, slightly more complicated
>    control strategies.
> 

Andre,

Minor item. Ideally SPFI will turn off the fuel flow BEFORE the valve
closes. Keep in mind the intake valve is open, maybe 35%, of the time
where as the fuel injector will have a maximum duty cycle of 80-90%
at WOT. i.e. it will be INJECTING fuel longer than the valve can be
open.  [Ok, Ok, doesn't apply to a RX-7! ;-)].

Still ideal to turn off fuel flow before the intake valve closes, and
then to turn it back on (assuming 90% duty cycle) for the fuel to hit
the back of the valve allowing better vaporization.

So if you are after maximum part thottle economy, and low emissions,
SPFI is best. For maximum power, either approach will do!

REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake 
track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector 
port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations, 
and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Andre has a good point on fuel puddling.
For those of you adapting "thottle bodies" to your home brew
system. While the phsical hardware may be easier to bolt up, the
software will have to correct for "pooling" the fuel in the manifold
under some conditions... a little more difficult task for home brewed
systems.  Hmm, seems like the port injection would be a simplier SOFTWARE
task to start with (even with the system allowing for SPFI control of
the injectors, just do rev 1.0 software for batch mode... then tweak it).

Odd thought... with a SENSITIVE air pressure switch in the intake
manifold, I wonder if it would be possible to detect the closing of
the intake valve... i.e. for sequential timing WITHOUT using a camshaft
sensor. Any comments?

Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter
Austin, TX.


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 19:38:24 1995
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From: c1icst1@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com (Charles S. Tosch)
Message-Id: <9510051931.AA27603@koptsy22.delcoelect.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
In-Reply-To: Mail from 'walter@roadster.sps.mot.com (thomas walter x5955)'
      dated: Thu, 5 Oct 95 10:21:09 CDT
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>	Message 12:
>	From owner-diy_efi-outgoing@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu Thu Oct  5 11:14:10 1995
>	From: walter@roadster.sps.mot.com (thomas walter x5955)
>	To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>	Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
>	
>	> From: Andre Roy <ANDRE@einstein.unipissing.ca>
>	
>	> MPI ( Multi Port Injection) has one (or more) injector for each cylinder
>	>     The injectors fire in unison. The disadvantage is that there can be
>	>     a bit of fuel puddling (like on a carb) because air only flows while
>	>     the intake valv is open. The rest of the (admittadly short) time, the
>	>     air in the intake runner is not moving.
>	> 
>	> SPFI Sequential Point Fiel Injection (there are other acronyms, no doubt)
>	>    Same as above, but the injector for a particular cylinder only fires
>	>    when the intake valve is open (or just before) the rest of the time
>	>    there is just stationary air with no fuel in the intake runner.
>	>    Advantage, no fuel puddling. Disadvantage, slightly more complicated
>	>    control strategies.
>	> 
>	
>	Andre,
>	
>	Minor item. Ideally SPFI will turn off the fuel flow BEFORE the valve
>	closes. Keep in mind the intake valve is open, maybe 35%, of the time
>	where as the fuel injector will have a maximum duty cycle of 80-90%
>	at WOT. i.e. it will be INJECTING fuel longer than the valve can be
>	open.  [Ok, Ok, doesn't apply to a RX-7! ;-)].
>	
>	Still ideal to turn off fuel flow before the intake valve closes, and
>	then to turn it back on (assuming 90% duty cycle) for the fuel to hit
>	the back of the valve allowing better vaporization.
>	
>	So if you are after maximum part thottle economy, and low emissions,
>	SPFI is best. For maximum power, either approach will do!
>	
>	REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>	will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>	really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>	get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>	LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>	was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>	intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>	of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>	radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake 
>	track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector 
>	port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations, 
>	and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)
>	
>	Andre has a good point on fuel puddling.
>	For those of you adapting "thottle bodies" to your home brew
>	system. While the phsical hardware may be easier to bolt up, the
>	software will have to correct for "pooling" the fuel in the manifold
>	under some conditions... a little more difficult task for home brewed
>	systems.  Hmm, seems like the port injection would be a simplier SOFTWARE
>	task to start with (even with the system allowing for SPFI control of
>	the injectors, just do rev 1.0 software for batch mode... then tweak it).
>	
>	Odd thought... with a SENSITIVE air pressure switch in the intake
>	manifold, I wonder if it would be possible to detect the closing of
>	the intake valve... i.e. for sequential timing WITHOUT using a camshaft
>	sensor. Any comments?
>	
>	Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter
>	Austin, TX.
>	

The only problem is that it is difficult to distinguish the pressure pulses
from the valve you are trying to synchronize with. A standard MAP sensor
can detect the pressure pulses in the manifold. Typically they are filtered
by a calibrated orifice in the sensor or software. A length of vacuum
hose before the sensor also has the same effect.

FWIW

-- 
Chuck Tosch                     	c1icst1@kocvrs01.delcoelect.com
Delco Electronics			(317) 451-0869
Kokomo, IN 46904	     		8-322-0869  


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 19:52:16 1995
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To: DIY_EFI, DIY_EFI
Date: Thu, 05 Oct 1995 20:27:54
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
From: "Brian Warburton, c/o Turbo Systems Ltd" <bwarb@turbo.win-uk.net>
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,

My name is Brian Warburton and I'm a new member to your conference.

My automotive background consists of 9 years consulting to Ford
Motor Company, Europe Automotive Operations (EAO) and North America
Automotive Operations (NAAO), on engine management systems with
particular specialisation on the control software for the EEC-iv
ECU. I designed and wrote a large amount of the software than runs
most of the current EAO cars and some of the NAAO cars and trucks.

After nine years I gave it all up end of last year and set up a
company making engine management systems for race and fast road-car
applications. We design both the hardware and the software in-house.

I made more money at Ford, but what the hell, I have more fun now !
 

OK, just to throw in my 10c worth on platinum tipped spark-plugs, I
used to run a 3.0l turbo-charged TVR that was a pig to start when
cold, a pig to drive during warm up unless you got into the boost
range real quick (which wasn't a good idea on a cold engine !) and
generally unpleasant until it was warm and really cooking. The
problem was caused by plug fouling when cold due to the plug
temperature range. In order to survive under boost you needed quite
cold-range plugs, but these fouled very easily when the engine was
cold. On the advice of an ex-Lotus F1 mechanic, I fitted a set of
NGK platinum tipped plugs (BP8ES ?) which totally transformed the
car at a cost in 1979 of $7/plug. No more plug fouling, and so
wonderful cold-start and drive. The advantages (he said) was that
the thin platinum tip reached and maintained operating temperature
a lot quicker than normal plugs and they were much less resistant
to fouling because of that. 

Only experience I've ever had with the Bosch versions was from a
collegue who tried them on a motorcycle a few years back and kept
having the platinum tips failling off. 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Brian Warburton, "Still searching for the perfect curve....."
email: bwarb@turbo.win-uk.net
                                Advanced Automotive Electronics Ltd,
                                Van-Nuys, Scotlands Drive,
                                Farnham Common, England.  SL2-3ES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 19:52:19 1995
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To: DIY_EFI, DIY_EFI
Date: Thu, 05 Oct 1995 20:27:54
Subject: Re: Bosch Platinum Plugs
From: "Brian Warburton, c/o Turbo Systems Ltd" <bwarb@turbo.win-uk.net>
Sender: owner-diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,

My name is Brian Warburton and I'm a new member to your conference.

My automotive background consists of 9 years consulting to Ford
Motor Company, Europe Automotive Operations (EAO) and North America
Automotive Operations (NAAO), on engine management systems with
particular specialisation on the control software for the EEC-iv
ECU. I designed and wrote a large amount of the software than runs
most of the current EAO cars and some of the NAAO cars and trucks.

After nine years I gave it all up end of last year and set up a
company making engine management systems for race and fast road-car
applications. We design both the hardware and the software in-house.

I made more money at Ford, but what the hell, I have more fun now !
 

OK, just to throw in my 10c worth on platinum tipped spark-plugs, I
used to run a 3.0l turbo-charged TVR that was a pig to start when
cold, a pig to drive during warm up unless you got into the boost
range real quick (which wasn't a good idea on a cold engine !) and
generally unpleasant until it was warm and really cooking. The
problem was caused by plug fouling when cold due to the plug
temperature range. In order to survive under boost you needed quite
cold-range plugs, but these fouled very easily when the engine was
cold. On the advice of an ex-Lotus F1 mechanic, I fitted a set of
NGK platinum tipped plugs (BP8ES ?) which totally transformed the
car at a cost in 1979 of $7/plug. No more plug fouling, and so
wonderful cold-start and drive. The advantages (he said) was that
the thin platinum tip reached and maintained operating temperature
a lot quicker than normal plugs and they were much less resistant
to fouling because of that. 

Only experience I've ever had with the Bosch versions was from a
collegue who tried them on a motorcycle a few years back and kept
having the platinum tips failling off. 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Brian Warburton, "Still searching for the perfect curve....."
email: bwarb@turbo.win-uk.net
                                Advanced Automotive Electronics Ltd,
                                Van-Nuys, Scotlands Drive,
                                Farnham Common, England.  SL2-3ES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 20:28:35 1995
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Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - - 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 05 Oct 95 14:31:45 CDT."
             <9510051931.AA27603@koptsy22.delcoelect.com> 
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> >	Odd thought... with a SENSITIVE air pressure switch in the intake
> >	manifold, I wonder if it would be possible to detect the closing of
> >	the intake valve... i.e. for sequential timing WITHOUT using a camshaft
> >	sensor. Any comments?
> >	

What advantage would the MAP-based data have over the camshaft sensor-based
data?  I'd prefer the most direct measurement of the quantity of interest
(valve position in this case).  An air pressure measurement may include
many other effects.

If you are considering the deletion of the camshaft sensor in favor of
an existing MAP sensor, be aware that the MAP sensor has already been
replaced with a MAF sensor on many engines.  Also, even if there is an 
existing MAP sensor, the signal processing associated with it may not be
up to the job.

I think a camshaft/crankshaft sensor is simpler and more direct.

---
Anthony Tsakiris       
Powertrain Electronics 
Ford Motor Company 

The opinions expressed are my own and not necessarily those of my employer.


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 21:36:23 1995
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Date: Thu, 5 Oct 1995 17:31:35 -0400 (EDT)
From: Bob Valentine <ravalent@liii.com>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: O2 sensors A/F vs voltage..
In-Reply-To: <199510050806.SAA28881@shiva.trl.OZ.AU>
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> PS I found a good cheap PC paralell port <--> real world interface kit..
> ~$35 US, 10 analog inputs 2 analog outputs 10 digital outputs (no
> digital inputs), all driven by supplied-with-dos-5 Qbasic.
> 
> I'm using it to simulate some inputs for my analog ECU hack project.

    I'd be interested in details.   

                     -->   Bob Valentine  <--  
                    --> ravalent@liii.com  <--  
            "Hard Acceleration Saves Costly Aggravation"


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 23:28:26 1995
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From: walter@roadster.sps.mot.com (thomas walter x5955)
Message-Id: <9510052319.AA25520@roadster.autotest>
To: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Didn't realize my comment about *thinking* of pressure sensors
to determine the closing the number one valve could generate
so much interest.

For a HOME BREW system, I would use a sensor to check a cam lobe.
For a production system, once TDC is determined the rest of the system
could keep track. Just the idea that, perhaps, a MAP sensor and a little
software (DSP) could be used in place of an electrical-mechanical type
sensor. 

Tom

P.S. For those Home Brew solutions... do not over look a fuel pump
lobe on the camshaft. Nice part about using that, is there is a nice
little cover plate that is easier to modify than a valve cover. ;-)

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 23:53:49 1995
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From: "Andrew Dennison" <ADEN@mechman.mm.swin.edu.au>
Organization:  Swinburne University
To: DIY_EFI
Date:          Fri, 6 Oct 1995 09:47:34 EST+10
Subject:       Re: Fuel injection questions - - 
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> > >	Odd thought... with a SENSITIVE air pressure switch in the intake
> > >	manifold, I wonder if it would be possible to detect the closing of
> > >	the intake valve... i.e. for sequential timing WITHOUT using a camshaft
> > >	sensor. Any comments?
> > >	
> 
> What advantage would the MAP-based data have over the camshaft sensor-based
> data?  I'd prefer the most direct measurement of the quantity of interest
> (valve position in this case).

I think you would require the crank sensor for accurate timing 
information, however the MAP pulses could be suitable for determining the 
optimum injector closing time. Sequential injection is only really 
useful for low loads to reduce fuel consumption and slightly increase 
torque - it isn't really necessary if you only care about power!

Andrew

------------------------------------
Andrew Dennison - Research Associate
CIM Centre - Swinburne University
PO Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
Phone: +61 3 9214 8296 Fax: +61 3 9819 4949

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Thu Oct  5 23:53:58 1995
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From: Craig Pugsley <c.pugsley@trl.telstra.com.au>
Message-Id: <199510052349.JAA18276@shiva.trl.OZ.AU>
Subject: Re: Inexpensive I/O board
To: DIY_EFI
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 09:49:49 +1000 (EST)
In-Reply-To: <9510051305.AA25282@gpo.nsc.com> from "DAVE MORRILL HPL DESIGN ENG 207-775-8574" at Oct 5, 95 06:05:14 am
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> 	I am interested in the PC parallel port i/o board that you mentioned. 
> Where did you get it? 

OK, due to the number of personal replys I have had, here's what I sent
to someone ther other day. In my opinion it would not be fast enough to
be used as an EFI *computer* without extra timers etc to do the 'dirty
work', however it would probably be ok to do readings and look up maps
etc to drive the timers. Also note that due to it's comparitively low
price it's not 'instrumentation grade', but probably still a useful
tool.
For those with access to it, the project was described in 'Electronics
Australia' magazine, June 1995 P54.
Cheers,
Craig.
-------------------------------------------

I'm building a parallell port interface kit at the
moment that has 10 A-D inputs (8 bit), 2 d-a outputs (8 bit) and 8
digital outputs. All this plugs into the parallell port and is driven by
Quick Basic (as supplied with DOS). It's basically a cheap easy
interface (but no digital inputs - speed would also be not great)
I am planning to use this to simulate some inputs to a fuel injection
computer.

Availability/Cost:
This kit is available from DICK SMITH ELECTRONICS in AUSTRALIA.
The cost is $42.50aus + shipping of ~$10, so basically under $40 US
delivered. They accept credit cards and have a form you can fill out
with your order. This is a reputable company so I wouldn't have any
reservations about ordering from them.

Phone #s:
+612 937 336  (ie from the US 011 612 937 336)
Fax +612 805 1986

Postal:
Dick Smith Electronics,
P.O. Box 321,
North Ryde,
NSW 2113
Australia.

The kit is catalog number K2805 and called the 'Parallel port interface'

Cheers,
Craig.
pugsley@trl.oz.au

PS if you need an order form I can scan it in and Email it to you as a
JPG or other format

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 00:56:41 1995
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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
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>P.S. For those Home Brew solutions... do not over look a fuel pump
>lobe on the camshaft. Nice part about using that, is there is a nice
>little cover plate that is easier to modify than a valve cover. ;-)

This is a great idea!  This is exactly the case for Toyota 20R/22R series 
engines.  The EFI versions (22RE) just have a cover where the mechanical 
fuel pump used to be.  So it is available for mounting a sensor.
Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 03:42:03 1995
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From: teldridg@holli.com (Tim Eldridge)
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Hello,

    I'm new to the DIY_EFI mailing list. I am currently in my senior year at 
Purdue working on a BSEET degree.  My senior design project is to build a 
fuel injection system for my  '63 Corvair.  I thought a TBI system would be 
the easiest to install and operate. I plan on using  General Motors system 
possibly from the mid-eighties since I work at Delco Electronics in Kokomo, 
IN. My questions are:
 
Where can I find specifications for a GM system? Particularly for the 
injector, MAF sensor, O2 sensor and engine temp sensor. Also will a TBI unit 
from a 2.5 liter motor work? My Corvair is about 2.8 liter but is a six 
cylinder. Will using a MPU to drive the fuel injector using input from the 
MAF sensor be enough adequately control the air/fuel ratio or should I plan 
on developing and using a fuel map or other control system? Any input will 
be most appreciated maybe someday I will have answers instead of questions. 
If any fellow DE folks have contacts in the Kokomo area that could help, I 
can be reached at MS Fab B    X8105   

Many thanks in advance to any who take the time to respond. Sorry if these 
questions have been answered before.  


                                                  "Ralph was wrong"

   Tim Eldridge          teldridg@holli.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 12:48:57 1995
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Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 06:42:57 -0600 (MDT)
From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.Colorado.EDU>
To: DIY_EFI
cc: DIY EFI Mailing List <DIY_EFI>
Subject: Re: Copy of: Delco ECM uP type
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About the SIM68 simulator... where did you get it?  Is it share-ware?  
I've always just assumed that GM bought CPUs in such quanitites that they 
had the code in masked rom, and the external eprom just had look up 
tables.  Your posts have inspired me to get a copy of the eprom out of my 
'89 Beretta (well, also and the fact that my brother-in-law's '89 corsaca 
is coming up with error codes saying 'bad prom').  I wrote down the chip 
numbers in my ECU, but don't have them with me.  I wonder if they match 
yours...  Any way, not too bad!  The 6811 is my favorate processor, and 
mabe I'll learn a trick or two by looking at the code.
Thanks for your time...
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 12:48:58 1995
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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.Colorado.EDU>
To: DIY_EFI
cc: DIY_EFI
Subject: Re: Fuel injection questions - -
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> 
> P.S. For those Home Brew solutions... do not over look a fuel pump
> lobe on the camshaft. Nice part about using that, is there is a nice
> little cover plate that is easier to modify than a valve cover. ;-)
> 
  Damn good idea!  Espicially since I have an electric fuel pump, and 
don't use that port!  Mabe I'll just modify my old mechinical fuel pump 
to have the sensor in there.
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 13:12:22 1995
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Subject: Building an MSD-CD
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Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high voltage
stuff...

First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an insulating gap
(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially miniscule
under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which pretty much
has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons will go
into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes way up
(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the time
it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 10^-8 secs.
(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap will
be in a plasma-like state.

Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by feeding
the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and charging it up.
When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the capacitor
rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high voltage
DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also known as
charge pumps. These things look like this:

 +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark gap--+
 |          |                |                          |                   |
 +          |                |                          |                   |
Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2            |
 -          |                |                          |                   |
 |          |                |                          |                   |
 +----------+----------------+--------------------------+-------------------+

Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control circuitry
since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of X at
say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on the
high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the battery
power.

Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the switch.
The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 
capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to the
old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high voltage
transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some digital
controls to it for gating and such.

If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store energy.
Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in the
inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way valve". The
Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a good flow
in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not sure what
the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way valve). The
capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). So
the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor as long
as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in the
capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the charge
that built up in the capacitor to flow out.

There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.

 +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark gap--+
 |          |                |  |                       |                   |
 +          |                |  |                       |                   |
Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2            |
 -          |                |  |                       |                   |
 |          |                |  |                       |                   |
 +----------+----------------+  +-----------------------+-------------------+

In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the transformer
primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds charge
into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the transformer
gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are isolation
and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than the
inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).

There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this case, you
can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.

 +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark gap--+
 |          |                |                          |                   |
 +          |                |                          |                   |
Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2            |
 -          |                |                          |                   |
 |          |                |                          |                   |
 +----------+----------------+--------------------------+-------------------+

Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this circuit,
the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor conducts
as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.

There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power usage as
the circuits above.

When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is enormous
so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a normal load.
Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the above
circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side or as
an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the input
to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty cycle
(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the frequency.
The resulting voltages are as follows:

Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
	where N is the turns ratio

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 21:43:57 1995
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@compuserve.com>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 23:03:15 1995
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 23:20:57 1995
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Fri Oct  6 23:39:48 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
To: DIY_EFI
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 00:01:49 1995
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 00:18:44 1995
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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 00:38:33 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 01:11:38 1995
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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
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Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 01:15:59 1995
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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 01:35:41 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 02:19:21 1995
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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 03:28:13 1995
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Solution to the reversion problem dealt with the intake manifold. The
revised manifold was slightly different. Seems the port - intake manifold
- injector location was at some critical point at the desired rpm.

Wave theory is just one of those things I would not think about, but
came into play on that design (remember it was a race engine, with
a radical cam... ). No, I did not have anything to do with the solution. 

Perhaps one of those "why didn't I think of that" was the elimination
of the air pumps and the additions of reed relays to the air cleaner
housing. First time I saw that (under the hood of a Datsun), it really
took along time to figure out what they had done. Despite having built
and played with two stroke motorcycles, it was not exactly clear WHY
it worked. Once it dawned on me, it seemed almost too simple of a
solution. ;-)

--Tom

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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 03:51:31 1995
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 04:00:55 1995
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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
In-Reply-To: <51@turbo.win-uk.net>
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 04:10:02 1995
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Solution to the reversion problem dealt with the intake manifold. The
revised manifold was slightly different. Seems the port - intake manifold
- injector location was at some critical point at the desired rpm.

Wave theory is just one of those things I would not think about, but
came into play on that design (remember it was a race engine, with
a radical cam... ). No, I did not have anything to do with the solution. 

Perhaps one of those "why didn't I think of that" was the elimination
of the air pumps and the additions of reed relays to the air cleaner
housing. First time I saw that (under the hood of a Datsun), it really
took along time to figure out what they had done. Despite having built
and played with two stroke motorcycles, it was not exactly clear WHY
it worked. Once it dawned on me, it seemed almost too simple of a
solution. ;-)

--Tom

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 04:14:10 1995
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From: Steve Knickerbocker 512-356-3000 X6759 <Steve.Knickerbocker@SEMATECH.Org>
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          Am I the only one to keep getiing a bounce message over and over 
          and over again?  It isn't even a post I sent.  Can someone look in 
          to this?
          
          Thanks,
          
          Thunderstruck...


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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 04:56:30 1995
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


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Date: Fri, 06 Oct 1995 18:11:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
To: "diy_efi (postings)" <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 05:11:28 1995
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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


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          Am I the only one to keep getiing a bounce message over and over 
          and over again?  It isn't even a post I sent.  Can someone look in 
          to this?
          
          Thanks,
          
          Thunderstruck...


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From: walter@roadster.sps.mot.com (thomas walter x5955)
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To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Solution to the reversion problem dealt with the intake manifold. The
revised manifold was slightly different. Seems the port - intake manifold
- injector location was at some critical point at the desired rpm.

Wave theory is just one of those things I would not think about, but
came into play on that design (remember it was a race engine, with
a radical cam... ). No, I did not have anything to do with the solution. 

Perhaps one of those "why didn't I think of that" was the elimination
of the air pumps and the additions of reed relays to the air cleaner
housing. First time I saw that (under the hood of a Datsun), it really
took along time to figure out what they had done. Despite having built
and played with two stroke motorcycles, it was not exactly clear WHY
it worked. Once it dawned on me, it seemed almost too simple of a
solution. ;-)

--Tom

From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 05:38:22 1995
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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

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Hi,
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Hi,
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Hi,
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 06:14:52 1995
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From: Steve Knickerbocker 512-356-3000 X6759 <Steve.Knickerbocker@SEMATECH.Org>
Subject: bouncy messages
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          Am I the only one to keep getiing a bounce message over and over 
          and over again?  It isn't even a post I sent.  Can someone look in 
          to this?
          
          Thanks,
          
          Thunderstruck...


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From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

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Solution to the reversion problem dealt with the intake manifold. The
revised manifold was slightly different. Seems the port - intake manifold
- injector location was at some critical point at the desired rpm.

Wave theory is just one of those things I would not think about, but
came into play on that design (remember it was a race engine, with
a radical cam... ). No, I did not have anything to do with the solution. 

Perhaps one of those "why didn't I think of that" was the elimination
of the air pumps and the additions of reed relays to the air cleaner
housing. First time I saw that (under the hood of a Datsun), it really
took along time to figure out what they had done. Despite having built
and played with two stroke motorcycles, it was not exactly clear WHY
it worked. Once it dawned on me, it seemed almost too simple of a
solution. ;-)

--Tom

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From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


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To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Hi,
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
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Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
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    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
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Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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          id <11498-0@mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 23:45:39 +0100
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To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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          id VAA03090; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 21:28:53 GMT
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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
Message-ID: <951006212614_72772.2212_EHL253-1@CompuServe.COM>
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 07:01:31 1995
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To: DIY_EFI
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana@e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
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    Alex Sharaz
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
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Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
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Date: Fri, 06 Oct 1995 23:01:00 -0500 (CDT)
From: Steve Knickerbocker 512-356-3000 X6759 <Steve.Knickerbocker@SEMATECH.Org>
Subject: bouncy messages
To: diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu


          Am I the only one to keep getiing a bounce message over and over 
          and over again?  It isn't even a post I sent.  Can someone look in 
          to this?
          
          Thanks,
          
          Thunderstruck...


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 07:04:13 1995
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          id <21626-0@mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:50 +0100
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To: DIY_EFI
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Sender: owner-diy_efi@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
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Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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From: arthurok@ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
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You wrote: 
>
>Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
voltage
>stuff...
>
>First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
insulating gap
>(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
miniscule
>under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
pretty much
>has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
will go
>into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
way up
>(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
>accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
time
>it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
10^-8 secs.
>(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
will
>be in a plasma-like state.
>
>Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
feeding
>the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
charging it up.
>When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
capacitor
>rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
voltage
>DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
known as
>charge pumps. These things look like this:
>
> +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
circuitry
>since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
X at
>say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
the
>high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
battery
>power.
>
>Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
switch.
>The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 

>capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
>breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
the
>old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
voltage
>transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
digital
>controls to it for gating and such.
>
>If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
energy.
>Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
the
>inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
valve". The
>Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
good flow
>in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
sure what
>the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
valve). The
>capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
So
>the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
as long
>as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
>Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
the
>capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
charge
>that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
>
>There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +          |                |  |                       |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> |          |                |  |                       |              
     |
> +----------+----------------+  
+-----------------------+-------------------+
>
>In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
transformer
>primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
charge
>into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
transformer
>gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
isolation
>and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
the
>inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
>
>There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
case, you
>can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
>
> +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
gap--+
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> +          |                |                          |              
     |
>Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
     |
> -          |                |                          |              
     |
> |          |                |                          |              
     |
> 
+----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
---+
>
>Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
circuit,
>the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
conducts
>as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
>
>There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
>capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
>capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
usage as
>the circuits above.
>
>When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
enormous
>so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
normal load.
>Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
above
>circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
or as
>an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
input
>to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
cycle
>(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
frequency.
>The resulting voltages are as follows:
>
>Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
>Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
Cycle)
>	where N is the turns ratio
>
it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
which i am familar with

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Date: Fri, 06 Oct 1995 18:11:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Zublin, Bryan (SD-MS)" <BZUBLIN@PO2.GI.COM>
Subject: Haltech throttle bodies and Re: Fuel injection questions
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Tom "How could the motor be too lean?" Walter writes:

>REVERSIONS: While we all realize the the closing of the intake valve
>will cause a "back pulse" of air through the intake track, I was not
>really aware of how critical it could be.  An engine builder could not
>get enough fuel into an injected engine... at WOT the engine was running
>LEAN, despite "having more than enough fuel to flood it". Hmm, problem
>was a unique reversion pattern. Rather than the usual area around the
>intake walls, there was ALSO an effected area in the middle. Dead center
>of the intake area of the FUEL injector jet!!! The reversion pulse of this
>radically cammed motor was enough to blow fuel back out the short intake
>track! [Haltech throttle bodies... look like Weber DCOE's with an injector
>port]. Result was interesting .  So when done with all the calculations,
>and theories, it is great fun to get it all blown back in your face! ;-)

Tom,
What was the solution to this problem?  Different cam timing?  Moved 
injector?

Has anyone else on this list used the Haltech throttle bodies?  I have 
considered using them in place of the Weber DCOE carbs on my 1980 Toyota 
Celica.

Bryan Zublin
bzublin@gi.com

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Solution to the reversion problem dealt with the intake manifold. The
revised manifold was slightly different. Seems the port - intake manifold
- injector location was at some critical point at the desired rpm.

Wave theory is just one of those things I would not think about, but
came into play on that design (remember it was a race engine, with
a radical cam... ). No, I did not have anything to do with the solution. 

Perhaps one of those "why didn't I think of that" was the elimination
of the air pumps and the additions of reed relays to the air cleaner
housing. First time I saw that (under the hood of a Datsun), it really
took along time to figure out what they had done. Despite having built
and played with two stroke motorcycles, it was not exactly clear WHY
it worked. Once it dawned on me, it seemed almost too simple of a
solution. ;-)

--Tom

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Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 17:16:32 -0600 (MDT)
From: CICIORA STEVEN JOSEP <ciciora@spot.colorado.edu>
To: DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Intel Hex to .S19 converter
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O.K., One of my eprom programmers will only save a binary file, the other 
will save binary, or intel hex (but it will read *.s19 records!).  So I 
got an image of the prom from my Beretta, and the SIM68 program from the 
Motorolla BBS, but SIM68 only wants *.s19 records.  Anyone got any 
suggestions on how to convert binary files, or preferably intel hex files 
to motorola *.s19 records?
Thanks for your time!
-Steven Ciciora


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Date: 06 Oct 95 17:26:15 EDT
From: "Roger S. Cohen" <72772.2212@COMPUSERVE.COM>
To: DIY_EFI <DIY_EFI@coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
Subject: Research
Message-ID: <951006212614_72772.2212_EHL253-1@CompuServe.COM>
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Hi DIYers,

I spent the afternoon at the local library looking for info on the ALDL Serial
data format to a SCAN tool ... with no luck!  But did find two things of
interest to the group:  Mitchells On Demand - for free AND a citation for new
literature in SAE's Automotive Engineering (V88, 6/80):  "Zirconia Oxygen Sensor
- An Equivalent Circuit Model" - Fleming, Research Labs, GM, Warren, MI.

Unfortunately, the latest issue was 12/80 so I am still looking for the SCAN
data.

Any ideas?

Roger Cohen
72772.2212@compuserve.com


From owner-diy_efi-archive  Sat Oct  7 08:10:50 1995
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Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz@uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz@ucc.hull.ac.uk

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