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Books
Adler et al, "Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems", Robert Bosch GmbH,
Stuttgart, Germany, ISBN 0-89883-509-7, 1988. This is the "red" handbook.
Covers all forms of automotive systems. Good general reading with
excellent coverage of basic functions like starters, alternators, ignition,
sparkplugs. Covers some detail of Bosch's fuel injection systems.
Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-528).
Adler et al, "Automotive Handbook, 3rd Edition", Robert Bentley, Cambridge, MA,
ISBN 0-8376-0330-7, 1993. This is the "blue" handbook which used to be
pocket size. Covers all forms of automotive design and systems. Good
reference source, but expressed in metric. Has conversion tables.
Covers materials well. Some data on emissions (478-489) similar to 2nd
Edition. Also has data on some of the representative automobiles from various
world companies in back section. Available from the SAE for $29 (order
BOSCH3). Price for SAE members is $23.
Adler "Emission Control for Spark-Ignition Engines", "Bosch
Technical Instruction", Robert Bosch, Stuttgart, Germany, 1985. Covers basics of
emissions, EGR, and catalytic converters. Also briefly covers K-Jetronic,
KE-Jetronic, L-Jetronic, LH-Jetronic, Mono-Jetronic, and Motronic systems. Sections
on other measures, testing
and regulations.
Adler, U., "Battery Ignition Systems", "Bosch Technical Instruction",
Robert Bosch, Stuttgart, Germany, 1971. Covers the basics of ignition systems in basic
breaker systems and simple electronic versions. Good general data on spark
requirements.
Adler, U., "Electronic Battery-Ignition Systems", "Bosch Technical
Instruction", Robert Bosch, Stuttgart, Germany, 1976. Covers more advanced electronic
ignition systems. Good general data on spark requirements.
DaRosa -- Fundamentals of Energy Processes Very general, with an excellent chapter
or two on combustion, and lots of other source of energy discussion.
$60
Heywood, J.B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill, USA, ISBN
0-07-028637-x, 1988. College text on IC engine design and theory. General
reference on engine topics. Also contains many references to other
works. Available from the SAE for $69 (order B-526).
Lenz, D.H.P., "Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines", SAE, Warrendale,
PA, ISBN 1-56091-188-3, 1992. Excellent text on carbureation, combustion and fuel
infection concepts. Some important data on emissions (70-74, 249-251) with
description of trends over years. This book also published by
Springer-Verlag/Wien, NY, who translated it from German (Lenz, Gemischbildung bei
Ottomotoren) in 1990. Available from SAE on sale for $55 (order R-113).
Price for SAE members is $45. I actually bought a copy for $39 at the SAE
Congress last month.
Probst, C.O., "Bosch Fuel Injection & Engine Management", Robert Bentley,
Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0300-5, 1989. Covers most of the Bosch systems from
D-Jetronic through Motronic. Covers variety of vehicles. Has good section in
begining on combustion and emissions information, but a better description is in
other BOSCH texts and sources. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order
B-557).
Jeff Hartman,"Fuel injection - Installation, Performance tuning,
Modifications" ISBN 0-87938-743-2 Publisher Motorbooks
international, PO Box 1, Osceola, WI 54020 1-800-826-6600 (in the US), Reccomended Price
$19.95 US. Probably the best value for money book on EFI. The book has snippets
of everything - If it had detail on all the subjects it mentioned it would
be the definitive reference. The Audience is intended as street rodders mainly, but
there are good bits and peices for the DIY_EFI'er - Reccomended reading.
Probst, C.O., "How to Understand, Service and Modify Ford Fuel Injection and
Electronic Engine Control", Robert Bentley, Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0301-3, 1993.
Covers basic engine control theory and Ford systems to 1988. Excellent book
on topic. Similar to author's other work on Bosch systems. Available
from SAE for $30 (order B-584).
Watson, B., "How to Tune and Modify Bosch Fuel Injection", Motorbooks
International, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-87938-570-7, 1992. Covers most of the Bosch
systems from D-Jetronic through LH-Jetronic. Mainly aimed at VW. Has good
section in begining on testing electronic components. Minimal amount of
emissions information - better description is in other BOSCH texts and
sources. Cost $19.95 in 1994.
Electronic controls and sensors: proceedings of the SAE International Congress and
Exposition (1992: Detroit, MI). ISBN 1-56091-215-4. This book is 120
pages long. Unfortunately, I do not have it (yet) as it is in an ATT library
in NJ whereas I'm in IL! If you choose to purchase it, the ISBN and title
should be sufficient for a bookstore to track it down. I recall this book has
some articles on nifty research done in universities in Europe on adaptive controls
and some stuff on a truly exotic oxygen sensor which allows more than bang-bang
control of the a/f mixture.
Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual Call 1-800-626-1523 and ask for the 1990 Laser/Talon
Tech Info Manual part number 81-699-9039. Shipping will probably be more than
the cost of this ~200 page book. They take plastic.
Adler, Ulrich, _Electronic Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda Closed-Loop Control,
L-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH, copyright 1985, ISBN
1-85-226008-4. (yellow book, 20 numbered pages; this is written on the back
cover: "English translation of the German edition dated: September
1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Mechanical Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda Closed-Loop Control,
K-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH, copyright 1981, ISBN
1-85-226030-0. (yellow book, 24 numbered pages; this is written on the back
cover: "English translation of the 2nd German edition dated: September
1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Combined Ignition and Fuel-Injection System with Lambda Closed-Loop
Control, Motronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH, copyright 1985, ISBN
1-85-226009-2. (yellow book, 44 numbered pages; this is written on the back
cover: "English translation of the 2nd German edition from September
1985.")
_Bosch Electronic Fuel Injection Systems, Shop Manual_, , Motorbooks International,
Osceola, Wisconsin, 1986, ISBN 0-87938-237-6. (maintenance manual for Audi, BMW, Cadillac,
Datsun, Mercedes, Opel, Porsche, Renault, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo, model years 1970 -
1979).
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection Troubleshooting Guide:
Import Vehicles_, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona, 1989, ISBN 1-55561-031-5. (chapter
contents include Bosch D, K, KE, L, LH, and Digifant (Japanese and European); Daihatsu;
Honda PGM-FI; Isuzu I-TEC; Lucas-Bosch; Mazda RE-EGI; Mitsubishi ECI and MPFI; Nissan TBI;
Subaru SPFI; this book has the EFI system wiring diagrams of many import cars.)
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection Troubleshooting Guide:
Domestic Vehicles, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona, 1991, ISBN 1-55561-032-3. (chapter
contents include AMC/Jeep; AMC; AMC/RENIX; AMC/RENIX II; Bosch; Chrysler; Eagle; Ford; GM;
this book has the EFI system wiring diagrams of many domestic cars.)
Norbye, Jan P., _Automotive Fuel Injection Systems, A Technical Guide_, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1981, ISBN 0-87938-139-6. (primarily a history and
description of fuel injection systems, includes chapters on Bosch Mechanical Systems for
Mercedes-Benz Cars, Kugelfischer Fuel Injection, Rochester Fuel Injection, The Bendix
Electrojector, Cadillac and the Bendix Analog and Digital Fuel-Injection Systems, Bosch L-
and K- Jetronic, Motronic, Mono-Jetronic, Lucas Digital Fuel Injection, Chrysler's
Single-Point Injection; Ford's Electronic Engine Control System, Zenith Fuel-Management
Systems, Fiat/Marelli Experimental System, Bosch / Pierburg Electronic Carburetor,
Aftermarket Fuel Injection)
Ribbens, William B., Mansour, Norman P., et al, _Understanding Automotive Electronics_,
third edition, Howard W. Sams & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1988, ISBN
0-672-27064-6. (Contents includes Automotive Fundamentals, The Systems Approach to
Control and Instrumentation, Electronics Fundamentals, Microcomputer Instrumentation and
Control, Sensors and Actuators, The Basics of Electronic Engine Control, Digital Engine
Control System, Vehicle Motion Control, Automotive Instrumentation, Diagnostics, Future
Automotive Electronics Systems)
Watson, Ben, _How to Tune and Modify Ford Fuel Injection_, Motorbooks International,
Osceola, Wisconsin, 1992, ISBN 0-87938-621-5. ("For Fuel-Injected Ford Cars and
Trucks with EEC III and EEC IV Engine Maintenance Systems," chapters include
History of Fuel Injection, Brief Overview of Electronics, Tools, Tuning the Fuel-injected
Engine, Automotive Emissions, EEC III, EEC IV Components and Operation, EEC IV Onboard
Diagnostics, Troubleshooting by Symptom, Performance Modifications, Legalities of Engine
Modification; the performance chapter is weak, only 10 pages).
Watson, Ben, _How to Repair and Modify Chevrolet Fuel Injection, Motorbooks International,
Osceola, Wisconsin, 1991, ISBN 0-87938-502-2.
Papers
Talk to SAE and get their most recent flier.
1-800-TEAM-SAE
(412)776-4970
(412)776-0790 FAX
750346 -- HEI-A New Ignition System Through New Technology It covers the charge time
question as well at their solution. If you've not yet read the paper, it describes
some really clever innovations: adjustable dwell depending on how near saturation, a 5.5
amp limit in the driver so you could have a low resistance for fast saturation times at
high speeds, but that wouldn't fry at low speeds.
790742 --
Readable paper on the Ford CFI 5.0L 1980 cars. It covers most of the 'twiddle factors'
required to get the vehicle running properly.
800164 --
Covers GM TBI system. Easy reading.
810449 -- Mathematical Model of a Throttle Body Fuel Injection System
Discusses effect of battery voltage on injectors and fuel pump pressure
810494 --
810495 --
880561 -- Frequency Domain Characterization of Mass Flow Sensors,
by W. C. Follmer,
1988.
900616 -- Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson,
1990.
910258 --
Discusses modeling intake manifold and fuel film dynamics.
920289
Modeling, filtering, and closed loop control?
930856 --
Operating characteristics of Zirconia sensors.
940373 "Adaptive Air-Fuel Ratio Control of a Spark-Ignition Engine"
940379 --
Describes a new pressure sensor that they use for misfire detection,
knock control, ignition control, etc. I have a feeling that you may
be seeing these in pass. cars in the not too distant future. Still
some signal processing circuitry required but the price has to be
better than a PCB or Kistler unit.
FISITA -- Adaptive Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control to Minimize Gasoline
Engine Emissions,
by Beaumont, Noble, and Scarisbrick, 1992.
--
Describes an experiment performed by the EPA wherein they discover that
O2 sensors in fact do not sense O2 until they reach 800 degrees C.
Until that point they measure H and CO.
910258, 930856, and 920289 are also good. The first two are
by Elbert Hendricks and others, which are what I call essential reading.
The third paper covers operating characteristics of Zirconia sensors.
SAE 880561 - Frequency Domain Characterization of Mass Flow Sensors,
by W. C. Follmer,
1988.
FISITA - Adaptive Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control to Minimize
Gasoline
Engine Emissions,
by Beaumont, Noble, and Scarisbrick, 1992.
SAE 900616 - Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson,
1990.
SAE 900616 - Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson,
1990.
SAE 930856? describes a method for keeping statistics on the
difference between measured and modelled output values and using these
statistics to modify Q(k).
Parts
HIP9010 Harris Semiconductor
An integrated knock sensor signal processor. This thing (HIP9010) is
controlled by a microprocessor bus port, and does programmable gain,
filtering, windowing and integration. It produces an analog output
voltage for knock amplitude.
MC3484-S4
Fuel injector driver. They cost about $4.50 each from Hamilton-Avnet,
but you have to buy at least 40 or 50 at a time.
LM1964
An amplifier designed especially for amplifying O2 sensor signals.
It's in National's special purpose devices book (Linear 3).
LM1949 Injector Drive Controller
SAMTEC makes QFP to PGC Adapter boards for a variety of QFP Packages.
Chip Specific Adapters "SPEC" for a variety of Motorola and Intel Chips,
SAMTEC phn 800 726-8329.
CSP3000 -- Signal processor for automotive applications
The Car Signal Processor (CSP3000) is a signal processor designed for use
in automotive applications. 24 analog inputs and 8 PWM outputs represent
the interfaces with the analog world. The digital, 12 bits wide I/O port
and two serial bus interfaces permit the exchange of digital data within
the application or between processors.
FEATURES OF THE CSP:
- 12 Bit RISC processor (FP)
- 256 words of internal RAM (12 bit)
- 2048 works of internal ROM (20 bit)
- internal clock generator
- 12 Bidirectional IO lines
- 2 serial ports
- up to 24 analog inputs
- 8 PWM outputs
- up to 24 digital inputs
- all digital inputs with hysteresis
- 2 independant RESET pins for FP and PWM system
- PLCC 68 package
- EMU version available in 132 pin LLCC package
MC68332 -- CPU32 modular controller
The MC68332 is one of a Motrola's family of modular architecture
controller chips. The '332 contains the following modules:
* CPU32, a 32bit M68000 style processor with all 68020 functionality
except the bitfield operations.
* TPU, a 16 bit RISC time processing unit that has 16 I/O pins
and can independently perform all sorts of time functions such as
PWM, period measurement, position synchronized pulse generation,
missing pulse detection, etc (great for engine management).
* QSM, a serial module that contains one standard asynchronous serial
port and one synchronous port.
* SIM, a system integration module that does chip selects, etc.
* 2K of onboard static ram.
67F687
The 67F687 is a high performance MSICs ( Mixed Signal Integrated
Circuit )
designed to work with a microprocessor in an engine management system. Using two
sensor inputs (crank and cam), the 67F687 tracks engine position through one or
two complete revolutions with a resolution of 0.25 degrees. Designed to be
flexible, the 67F687 will accept a variety of sensor types and pulse patterns.
It generates ignition and injection output pulses based on position and time
parameters supplied by the host microprocessor, relieving it of many of the real
time interrupt routines associated with these tasks. These outputs can directly
drive power devices to actuate automotive ignition coils and fuel injectors. A
sense input from each device allows individual diagnostics, short circuit
protection and ignition coil current limiting. A timer, which measures coil
charge time at the ignition sense inputs, enhances closed loop dwell control.
Communication with a host microprocessor is through a parallel data and address
bus. A general purpose parallel I/O port offers level sensitive input and output
capability, in addition to edge detect inputs and PWM outputs.
Silicon Systems
Automotive Products
14351 Myford Road
Tustin, CA 92680 USA
Attn: Tony Anderson
Electro Corp.
1845 - 57th Street
Sarasota, FL
34243
voice: 813-355-8411
fax: 813-355-3120
A complete line of sensors.
MC3334 Ignition controller chip.
It's an 8-pin DIP that uses a sensing capacitor to determine if the
coil was completely charged for the last spark. It adjusts the dwell
for the next spark accordingly.
Software
PADS -- Circuit layout software.
Has all the symbols, 68000, 8031, 80x86, TTL, CMOS, etc. It seems easy
to add to this as well. Outputs Gerber, Postscript, etc. Got the copy
I have off a CDROM. Walnut Creek Simtel 10/93 collection. Anyway, try
ftp.uu.net, wuarchive.wustl.edu, ftp.funet.fi etc. The directory at
ftp.uu.net should be /system/msdos/simtel/cad. The files are padslib.zip,
padslog.zip, padspcb.zip. Dunno what the versions are.
RTEMS -- Real time OS
You can ftp it from lancelot.gcs.redstone.army.mil in /pub/rtems. Look
for version 3.1.03.
GCC -- DOS hosted cross compiler for 68000 series CPUs
There are now binaries (and the changed source files for anyone interested)
available via anon. ftp. The binaries are gcc 2.6.0 for djgpp (msdos) host
and 68000 family embedded target. The ftp address is:
ftp.lysator.liu.se in directory /pub/msdos/gnu/gcc-dos-m68k
RECENT REFERENCES:
US Patent 5168853
SAE 940546, 940547
ASME ICE-Vol. 22, p73-83, October 1994
Other work into self tuning optimization and general automotive
adaptive control systems includes research at
UMIST (assoc with Lucas) (P Wellstead, P Scotson, etc)
Ohio State University (G Rizzoni, W Ribbens, F Connolly, etc)
Ford / Ricardo (A Beaumont, A Noble, A Scarisbrick)
UC Berkeley, MIT, Princeton (J K Hedrick, D Cho, J Moskwa, C Nesbit, etc)
Now that you mention it I remember reading one of your papers (SAE 892142).
The system is a basic hill climbing technique that is unfortunately very
susceptible to noise and multiple extrema. The work I'm implementing is
different in that it forms a 2 or 3 dimensional quadratic model and
statistically fits available data to estimate the position of the peak.
The system can then 'jump' straight to the estimated optimum and re-tune
from there. The system is very immune to noise and tunes in within about 3
or 4 iterations. New data is incorporated recursively and is inherently
filtered in the algorithm.
Dr. Gordon Blairs book "Two Stroke Engine Design" goes into this in
great detail. He even supplies some programs written in Basic to
calculate lengths. Its published by SAE & in the publications catalog.
An OEM solution is to model the delays in the engine dynamics to determine
which cylinder is producing the puff of exhaust which is currently passing
the EGO sensor. The injectors can then be trimmed individually.
Ref "Individual Cylinder AFR Control with a Single EGO Sensor", Grizzle J,
Cook J and Dobbins K, American Control Conference 1990 pp 2881-2886.
Last Modified 20 June 1995
Created by:
Ucu Subrata
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